特殊需求儿童养育照护的多维支持系统

Multidimensional nurturing care support system for children with special needs

摘要

存在发育迟缓、发育障碍、残疾或其他健康风险的特殊需求儿童,在成长过程中更容易受到多种不利因素影响,其养育照护问题应当得到更多关注和重视。养育照护作为促进儿童早期发展的重要基础,对于改善特殊需求婴幼儿发育状况、提升家庭照护能力、促进儿童社会融入具有重要意义。本文在界定特殊需求儿童相关概念的基础上,依托养育照护框架,梳理其养育照护应遵循的核心原则,并从家庭、托育/托幼机构、医疗卫生机构及社会多方面协同的视角出发,阐述多维度支持实施特殊需求儿童的养育照护,以期提高相关专业人员对该类儿童养育照护的认识和能力,推动特殊需求婴幼儿养育照护体系的进一步完善。

Abstract

Children with special needs, including those with developmental delay, developmental disorders, disabilities, or other health risks, are more vulnerable to various adverse factors during early development. Therefore, their nurturing care warrants greater attention and emphasis. As a fundamental basis for promoting early childhood development, nurturing care plays a crucial role in improving the developmental outcomes of infants and young children with special needs, strengthening family caregiving capacity, and facilitating their social inclusion. On the basis of clarifying the relevant concepts of children with special needs, this paper draws on the nurturing care framework to summarize the core principles of their nurturing care. Furthermore, it outlines a multidimensional support system for implementing this care, emphasizing the collaboration among families, childcare and early education institutions, healthcare facilities, and society. Ultimately, this review aims to enhance the awareness and competencies of relevant professionals, thereby driving the further optimization of the nurturing care system for infants and toddlers with special needs.

关键词

特殊需求 / 养育照护 / 儿童

Key words

special needs / nurturing cares / children

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划 (2024YFF0907801)