近红外脑功能成像在儿童孤独症谱系障碍诊疗中的应用

Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder

摘要

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育障碍性疾病,其主要特征为社交障碍和重复刻板行为。近年来,近红外脑功能成像(fNIRS)作为一种非侵入性神经成像技术,因其运动耐受性与便携性,在ASD儿童的神经机制研究与临床干预中展现出显著潜力。本文旨在系统综述fNIRS在ASD儿童静息态、任务态及干预评估中的应用进展,重点归纳了ASD儿童存在功能连接减弱、人际神经同步性不足等特征性异常,并深入探讨当前方法学挑战与未来临床转化路径,以期为推动fNIRS成为ASD神经机制研究和精准医疗的工具提供参考。

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily characterized by social deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors.In recent years, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive neuroimaging technique, has shown considerable potential in studying the neural mechanisms of ASD and evaluating clinical interventions because of its motion tolerance and portability.This review aims to systematically summarize the application of fNIRS in resting-state, task-state, and intervention assessments in children with ASD.Particular emphasis is placed on characteristic abnormalities in ASD, such as reduced functional connectivity and impaired interpersonal neural synchrony.Furthermore, the current methodological challenges and pathways for future clinical translation are discussed, aiming to provide a scientific reference for the promotion of fNIRS as a tool for investigating neural mechanisms and advancing precision medicine in ASD.

关键词

孤独症谱系障碍 / 近红外脑功能成像 / 静息态 / 任务态 / 儿童

Key words

autism spectrum disorder / functional near-infrared spectroscopy / resting-state / task-state / children

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基金资助

重庆技术创新与应用开发四川重庆联合实施重点研发项目(CSTB2022TIAD-CUX0003)