2015—2024年我国儿童青少年抑郁症状患病率的Meta分析

Meta analysis of the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in China from 2015 to 2024

摘要

目的 系统评价我国儿童青少年抑郁症状的流行现状。 方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方数据、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网和维普数据库，收集2015年1月—2024年5月发表的有关我国儿童青少年抑郁症状患病率的文献。使用Stata 16.0软件进行Meta分析，对纳入研究进行Egger's检验和漏斗图分析评估发表偏倚。 结果 共纳入53篇文献，包含314 867例儿童青少年，其中有抑郁症状者65 324例，抑郁症状患病率为23.3%（95%CI：21.4%~25.1%）。亚组分析结果显示，女生、学校所在地为农村、学段为职高、东部地区、使用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表评估、新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间的儿童青少年抑郁症状患病率较高，分别为24.9%、29.5%、28.1%、25.6%、27.2%、27.7%。所纳入研究在漏斗图中的分布大致对称，但Egger's检验提示可能存在发表偏倚（P<0.001）。 结论 我国儿童青少年抑郁症状的患病率较高，特别是女生、农村地区的儿童青少年、职高学段的学生及东部地区的儿童青少年表现出更高的患病率。此外，新型冠状病毒感染疫情可能对儿童青少年抑郁症状的发生具有影响。

Abstract

Objective To systematically evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in China. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP Database for literature published from January 2015 to May 2024 regarding the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents. Stata 16.0 software was used for Meta analysis, and Egger's test and funnel plot analysis were performed to assess publication bias. Results A total of 53 studies were included, encompassing 314 867 children and adolescents, with 65 324 exhibiting depressive symptoms, resulting in a prevalence rate of 23.3% (95%CI: 21.4%-25.1%). Subgroup analysis revealed higher prevalence rates among females, those in rural areas, vocational high school students, individuals from the eastern region, those assessed using the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, with rates of 24.9%, 29.5%, 28.1%, 25.6%, 27.2%, and 27.7%, respectively. The distribution of studies in the funnel plot was roughly symmetrical, but Egger's test indicated potential publication bias (P<0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in China is relatively high, particularly among females, those in rural areas, vocational high school students, and those in the eastern regions. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms in this population.

关键词

抑郁症状 / 患病率 / Meta分析 / 儿童 / 青少年

Key words

Depressive symptom / Prevalence / Meta analysis / Child / Adolescent