基于反应型线性聚磷腈的双马来酰亚胺树脂阻燃和增韧一体化设计

Integrated Design of Flame Retardancy and Toughening for Bismaleimide Resins Based on Reactive Linear Polyphosphazene

摘要

针对双马来酰亚胺树脂（BMI）的阻燃与增韧难协同的问题，本研究设计并合成了含马来酰亚胺侧链的线性聚磷腈（PHMP），并将其引入二烯丙基双酚 A/4,4'-双马来酰亚胺二苯甲烷（DBA/BDM）体系。PHMP 凭借活性侧基参与树脂固化，结合磷氮阻燃主链，实现了 BMI 的阻燃与增韧协同改性。相对于 DBA/BDM 树脂，仅添加 4%（质量分数）PHMP 的改性树脂的冲击强度提升了 124.6%，同时总热释放量与总烟释放量分别降低了 41.0% 与 32.1%；该改性树脂的极限氧指数达 35.5%，垂直燃烧测试可达 UL-94 V-0 级。本研究为 BMI 多功能集成改性提供了新思路。

Abstract

A maleimide-functional linear polyphosphazene (PHMP) was developed to address the challenge of achieving simultaneous toughening and flame retardancy in bismaleimide (BMI) resins. PHMP was introduced into the diallyl bisphenol A / 4,4'-bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (DBA/BDM) resin system to achieve integrated regulation of flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and toughening. Owing to its reactive side groups and phosphorus-nitrogen backbone, PHMP can participate in the curing network while imparting flame retardancy. The results show that PHMP significantly improves the mechanical and fire-safety performance of the resin while maintaining good heat resistance. With the addition of only 4% (mass fraction) PHMP, the impact strength of the modified resin increases by 124.6% compared to that of DBA/BDM resin, while the total heat release and total smoke production decrease by 41.0% and 32.1%, respectively. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index reaches 35.5% and the material achieves a UL-94 V-0 rating. This study provides a new strategy for the multi-functional integrated modification of BMI resins.

关键词

双马来酰亚胺树脂 / 线性聚磷腈 / 反应型阻燃剂 / 增韧 / 一体化设计

Key words

bismaleimide resin / linear polyphosphazene / reactive flame retardant / toughening / integrated design

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成项目(U25B6007)

国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成项目(U25B6008)

国家博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20240427)

中国石油大学（北京）科研基金资助(2462024SZBH009)