1.College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China
2.Guizhou Province Soil and Water Conservation Technology Demonstration and Promotion Center,Guiyang 550025,China
3.Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment of Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 500025,China
ZHU Qilian
FANG Fayong
YU Wanyang, et al. Analysis of spatio-temporal evolution of habitat quality and its driving factors in the Wujiang River basin based on the InVEST model[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2025, 39(3):371-380,391.
Objective To exploring the spatio-temporal changes of long time series in habitat quality of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province, in order to provide a theoretical reference for high-quality green development of the region. Methods Based on four periods of land use data from 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, the landscape pattern and habitat quality of the Wujiang River basin in Guizhou Province were calculated and the driving factors were analyzed, by using the moving window method, InVEST model, and geographic detector. Results 1) From 1990 to 2020, the fragmentation and patch shape complexity of the landscape pattern increased within 30 km of the main stream in the south of the upstream, while the patch dominance and landscape connectivity decreased. The fragmentation and patch shape complexity of the landscape decreased at a distance of 30-60 km from the main stream in the south of the midstream, while the landscape connectivity increased. 2) The annual mean value of habitat quality was 0.67, with an increase of 1.67% in high habitats, 0.17% and 1.46% in medium low and low habitats, respectively. The proportion of high habitats in the upstream and medium low and low habitats in the midstream increased the most. The proportion of high habitats at the distance of less than 30 km from the main stream and medium low and low habitats at the distance of 30-60 km increased the most. 3) Land use intensity was the main driving factor for spatial heterogeneity of habitat quality, while temperature and rainfall were secondary factors. Conclusion The overall habitat quality of Wujiang River basin in Guizhou Province is medium high, and the changes in some areas are due to the trade-off between ecological protection and economic development.
YU Wanyang, et al. Analysis of spatio-temporal evolution of habitat quality and its driving factors in the Wujiang River basin based on the InVEST model[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2025, 39(3):371-380,391.
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YU Wanyang, et al. Analysis of spatio-temporal evolution of habitat quality and its driving factors in the Wujiang River basin based on the InVEST model[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2025, 39(3):371-380,391.
生境质量是指生态系统为生物提供可持续发展条件的能力,是生态系统功能和生态系统服务的基础[3]。该指标能够反映生物多样性状况和环境对人为活动的适宜性,在评价区域生态健康中发挥着重要作用。生境质量相关研究目前已较为成熟和全面,从方法上主要可分为实地调查法、指标体系法和模型评估法。实地调查法在研究早期被广泛使用,主要是通过取样调查来衡量物种对栖息地的适宜性。这种方法受到研究尺度的限制,不仅需要耗费大量成本,还难以体现生境的大尺度时空变化。指标体系法通过不同区域特征指标建立评价体系进行综合计算[4]。这种方法局限性在于数据资源获取难度大,指标选取和体系建立主观性强。模型评估法能通过相对统一和综合的程序在宏观尺度进行计算,能弥补以上方法存在的不足[5]。如计算数据易获取能够节约大量成本,多时相数据同步计算能够展现时空变化,方法原理综合性强能保证客观评价减少误差。其中,InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs)模型由于灵活简便成为模型评估法中被广泛使用的生境质量评价方法[6]。贾天朝等[7]通过InVEST模型分析青藏高原生境质量状况,明确气候变化与人类活动对生境质量的深刻影响;YUAN等[8]通过InVEST模型分析鄱阳湖生境质量时空变化,为协调区域人地关系、优化土地管理政策、促进城市可持续发展提供理论参考。InVEST模型由美国斯坦福大学、世界自然基金会和大自然保护协会共同开发。基于地理信息系统理论,该模型能够通过土地利用与生物多样性威胁因素的信息快速进行生境质量评估和预测,并在结果中直观体现多种空间信息,如生境质量、生境退化度、生境稀缺性等[9]。
为便于更好地探讨研究区生境质量的空间变化规律,将流域按照2个标准分别进行区域划分。第1个标准按照约定俗成,将该流域划分为3段,其中化屋脊以上为上游,化屋脊至思南为中游,思南以下为下游[13]。第2个标准按照距干流不同远近程度进行缓冲区建立。划分标准为:1)各缓冲区内部生境质量特征相对一致,各缓冲区间生境质量特征具有差异;2)缓冲区的设立需要覆盖整个研究区域;3)各缓冲区所占面积相对一致。通过设置20、30、35、40 km 4个缓冲间距进行结果比较,选取最能区分生境质量区域特征的缓冲间距。最终确定以30 km为标准进行区域划分,分别为<30、30~60、>60 km共3个区域。
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