Objective This study aims to investigate the spatiotemporal variations and trade-off/synergistic relationships of ecosystem services along altitudinal gradients in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin, coordinate regional economic development and ecological conservation, and promote regional sustainable development. Methods The InVEST model was applied to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations of five critical ecosystem services (habitat quality, water yield, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and food supply) in the basin from 2000 to 2020, with quantitative analysis across different altitudinal gradients. Spearman correlation analysis and Geographically weighted regression were also used to reveal the changes in the trade-off/synergistic relationships among ecosystem services. Results 1) From 2000 to 2020, high-value areas of ecosystem service supply are mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin. Habitat quality maintained consistently high levels, averaging approximately 0.8, accompanied by a significant increase in carbon sequestration. Notably, soil retention capacity demonstrated a substantial increase of 12.43%, while water yield experienced a marginal decline of 1.26%, due to reduced precipitation. 2) Habitat quality, soil retention, and carbon storage exhibited significant increases (p<0.05), with substantial changes observed across 30.24%, 42.58%, and 65.40% of the watershed area, respectively. All ecosystem service values declined with increasing elevation, demonstrating distinct altitudinal thresholds: >4 800 m for habitat quality, >3 800 m for water yield, >3 800 m for soil retention, and >2 800 m for carbon storage. 3) Quantitative analysis revealed that food supply showed a weakly increasing synergistic trend with water yield, while soil retention showed a similar trend with habitat quality. The most pronounced synergy was observed between water yield and soil retention (approximately 0.83), while other synergies averaged 0.56. Notably, a significant trade-off relationship was identified between food supply and habitat quality. Spatial analysis demonstrated that synergistic areas between carbon storage and habitat quality constituted the largest proportion of the study area (31.12%, p<0.05). Conclusion The results elucidate the ecosystem service supply capacity across the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin, its altitudinal variation patterns, and the quantitative and spatial trade-offs/synergies among ecosystem services. This research provides a scientific foundation for ecological conservation and restoration.
式中:SEDRET x 为栅格x的土壤保持量;RKLS x 为栅格x的土壤潜在侵蚀量;USLE x 为栅格x的土壤实际侵蚀量;R为降雨侵蚀力因子;K为土壤可蚀性因子;LS为坡长坡度因子,该因子在InVEST模型中会自动完成计算;C为植被覆盖因子;P为水土保持因子。C、P值参照InVEST中文手册及文献[22]来确定。
ZHAOY Y, LIUZ F, WUJ G. Grassland ecosystem services: A systematic review of research advances and future directions[J].Landscape Ecology,2020,35(4):793-814.
[2]
CORDA F, BARTKOWSKIB, BECKMANNM, et al. Towards systematic analyses of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies: Main concepts, methods and the road ahead[J].Ecosystem Services,2017,28:264-272.
[3]
JERRETTM, GALES, KONTGISC. Spatial modeling in environmental and public health research[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2010,7(4):1302-1329.
[4]
HUANGJ M, ZHENGF Y, DONGX B, et al. Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services in the Tibet Autonomous Region[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2023,384:e135483.
[5]
HOWEC, SUICHH, VIRAB, et al. Creating win-wins from trade-offs?Ecosystem services for human well-being:A meta-analysis of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in the real world[J].Global Environmental Change,2014,28:263-275.
[6]
CHEL, ZHOUL, XUJ G. Integrating the ecosystem service in sustainable plateau spatial planning: A case study of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2021,31(2):281-297.
[7]
SHIW, QIAOF W, ZHOUL. Identification of ecological risk zoning on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the perspective of ecosystem service supply and demand[J].Sustainability,2021,13(10):e5366.
[8]
COSTANZAR, D′ARGER, DE GROOTR, et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Ecological Economics,1998,25(1):3-15.
FENGY, CAOY G, LIS P, et al. Trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services: Development history and research characteristics[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2022,399(1):11-25.
[11]
XIAH, YUANS F, PRISHCHEPOVA V. Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of ecosystem service interactions and their social-ecological drivers: Implications for spatial planning and management[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2023,189:e106767.
[12]
陈竹安,陈雅斯,刘子强.江西省生态系统服务权衡协同关系时空演变与预测[J].环境科学,2025.
[13]
CHENZ A, CHENY S, LIUZ Q. Spatio-temporal simulation of ecosystem services, trade-offs, and synergies in Jiangxi Province based on the SD-PLUS mode[J].Environmental Science,2025.
LIH Q, YANGY, ZHANGJ H. Construction of ecological security pattern in Shannan wide valley basin of Yarlung Zangbo River[J].Arid Land Geography,2023,46(9):1503-1513.
[16]
WANGY F, YEA Z, PENGD Z, et al. Spatiotemporal variations in water conservation function of the Tibetan Plateau under climate change based on InVEST model[J].Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies,2022,41:e101064.
[17]
WANGY, LŪY, LŪD, et al. Climate change and its ecological risks are spatially heterogeneous in high-altitude region: The case of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Catena, 2024, 243: 108140.
[18]
CHENY, KANGY J, LIJ J, et al. Study on the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of habitat quality in the Yarlung Zangbo River from 2000 to 2020[J].Ecology and Evolution,2025,15(2):e70807.
[19]
JIH Y, PENGD Z, GUY, et al. Snowmelt runoff in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin and runoff change in the future[J].Remote Sensing,2023,15(1):e55.
SUL B, GUOY G, WUY, et al. Analysis of geomorphology of Niyang River basin based on digital elevation model[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2020,18(3):12-21.
[22]
GAOM N, XUR H, HUANGJ L, et al. Increase of carbon storage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Perspective from land-use change under global warming[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2023,414:e137540.
CHANGJ Y, WUZ T, LIQ, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution of ecosystem services and analysis of cold and hot spots in Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,38(3):216-226.
CHENA, LIJ J, WANGM S, et al. Research for change of ecosystem service and the trade off-synergy relation of the YLN basin in the Tibet Autonomous Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(2):313-319.
SHAOY J, YANGY, YUANX F. Spatiotemporal interaction between urbanization and ecosystem services in the Yellow River basin[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,36(3):86-93.
[29]
CHENS, ZHUS C, WENX, et al. Mapping potential soil water erosion and flood hazard zones in the Yarlung Tsangpo River basin, China[J].Atmosphere,2023,14(1):e49.
SHANGJ, CAIH S, LONGY, et al. Temporal-spatial distribution and transition of habitat quality in Poyang Lake Region based on InVEST model[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2021,30(8):1901-1915.
[32]
LIUY X, LIUS L, WANGF F, et al. Responses of habitat quality and animal biodiversity to grazing activities on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,2021,9:e681775.
LIUW, ZHANGF, WEIY H, et al. The balance between ecosystem services supply and demand in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomerations area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2023,43(11):4461-4472.
[35]
DOUH S, LIX B, LIS K, et al. Mapping ecosystem services bundles for analyzing spatial trade-offs in Inner Mongolia, China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2020,256:e120444.
[36]
GAOJ B, ZUOL Y. Revealing ecosystem services relationships and their driving factors for five basins of Beijing[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2021,31(1):111-129.
[37]
BENNETTE M, PETERSONG D, GORDONL J. Understanding relationships among multiple ecosystem services[J].Ecology Letters,2009,12(12):1394-1404.
[38]
GOLLINII, LUB B, CHARLTONM, et al. GW model: An Rpackage for exploring spatial heterogeneity using geographically weighted models[J].Journal of Statistical Software,2015,63(17):1-50.
TANGY F, XIONGD H, ZHANGB J, et al. Water holding capacity of aeolian sandy land impacted by different typical vegetation ecological projects in the middle reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley, Tibet, China[J].Mountain Research,2021,39(4):461-472.
LANZ F, TIANX J, NIUY F, et al. Evaluationon soil erosion based on RUSLE model in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin[J].Research of Soiland Water Conservation,2024,31(3):20-29.
LAIM, CHENR S, LIUJ F, et al. Temporal and spatial evolution of water yield in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and its response to climate and land use change[J].Pratacultural Science,2022,39(12):2516-2526.
LIUL, ZHANGB J, XIONGD H, et al. Variation characteristics of vegetation characteristics, biological crusts and soil nutrients under the main vegetation configuration modes in the process of sand control in the Yarlung Zangbo River valley[J].China Environmental Science,2021,41(9):4310-4319.
[47]
FISCHERS, PIETROŃJ, BRINGA, et al. Present to future sediment transport of the Brahmaputra River: Reducing uncertainty in predictions and management[J].Regional Environmental Change,2017,17(2):515-526.
[48]
LIUS N, YAOY Y, KUANGX X, et al. A preliminary investigation on the climate-discharge relationship in the upper region of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin[J].Journal of Hydrology,2021,603:e127066.
[49]
HUF P, ZHAOJ, SUNZ Y, et al. Study on spatio-temporal changes and driving mechanisms of ecosystem service interaction in Shiyang River basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2019,47(10):1755-1766.
LINJ, JIANGH, YUEH, et al. Trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services in Changting County[J].Journal of Hainan University (Natural Science),2024,42(3):301-311.