Objective This study aims to monitor the Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC) in the Chaohu Lake basin and analyze the spatial heterogeneity of its influencing factors, providing a scientific basis for environmental conservation and water resource allocation in the basin. Methods Using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, FVC in the Chaohu Lake basin was calculated from 2000 to 2023. The Theil-Sen Median slope estimator, Mann-Kendall trend test, coefficient of variation, and Hurst index were applied to analyze the variation characteristics and trends. Furthermore, the geodetector and Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) were employed to explore the spatial heterogeneity of spatiotemporal changes in vegetation and their influencing factors, and to visualize results. Results 1) Areas with FVC>0.4 accounted for 60.96% of the Chaohu Lake basin. From 2000 to 2023, FVC of the basin exhibited an overall upward trend, with 58.21% of its area showing vegetation improvement. However, the analysis suggested a potential reversal from greening to degradation in the future. 2) Geodetector analysis showed significant correlations between all influencing factors and FVC. Moreover, interactive detection demonstrated that two-factor interactions significantly strengthened the explanatory power for FVC. 3) MGWR results showed pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the effects of various influencing factors on vegetation across the Chaohu Lake basin. 4) Different influencing factors showed distinct scales of impact on FVC in the Chaohu Lake basin, with GDP, sunlight duration, and elevation as global-scale determinants, while the remaining factors were local-scale variables. Conclusion The findings effectively elucidate the spatial heterogeneity of different influencing factors, providing quantitative evidence and theoretical foundations for ecological conservation in the Chaohu Lake basin, which contributes to regional sustainable development.
式中:FVC j 和FVC i 分别为第j年和第i年的FVC值;n为时间序列的长度。对于给定的置信水平,查找标准正态分布表,确定临界值Z1-а/2。当|Z|≤Z1-а/2时,接受原假设,即趋势不显著;若|Z|>Z1-а/2,则拒绝原假设,表明存在显著趋势[17]。本文给定显著性水平а=0.05,则当Z的绝对值>1.96时,表示趋势通过可信度为95%的显著性检验。
1.3.3 变异系数法
变异系数(coefficient of variation, CV)是一种用于衡量数据变异程度的统计量[18],本研究使用其衡量FVC时空演化的波动性。当变异系数值较大时,说明数据波动较明显,表示植被变化较大;反之,变异系数值较小表示数据波动较平缓,植被变化较为稳定。变异系数的计算公式为:
式中:σ为植被覆盖度的标准差;n为观测年份;FVC i 为第i年的植被覆盖度;为2000—2023年的平均植被覆盖度;CV为变异系数。
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