Objective This study aims to investigate the construction of the water ecological security pattern in ecological protection, restoration, and sustainable development of river basins. Methods Taking the Liao River main stream basin as a case study, three water ecological services with hydrological transmission characteristics, namely water yield, water purification, and soil conservation, were selected. Based on the ″source-flow-sink″ conceptual framework, the InVEST model was employed to quantitatively assess the supply-demand relationship of water ecosystem services to identify the ″sources″ and ″sinks″. The circuit theory was utilized to identify ecological corridors, ecological pinch points, and barriers mediated by water flow. Ultimately, the water ecological security pattern of the river basin was constructed. Results The total area identified for the three water ecosystem services is 12 200 km² for the ″source″ and 4 900 km² for the ″sink″; there are 287 tree-like and network-like ″flows″, primarily extending from the main river to the tributaries; there are 79 ecological pinch points and 111 ecological barrier points. Conclusion The research findings provide a basis and strategies for zoning and classification, identification of key areas, and layout of restoration projects in river basin ecological restoration.
生态夹点是指生态电流集中、强度高的区域,物种通过这些区域的阻力较小,易促进两地间的生态流动。采用Pinch point Mapper模块,量化源地之间的电流以确定物种移动的关键路径和位置,累计电流值高的区域即为生态夹点,是维持景观连接的重要区域[25]。生态障碍点是物种在不同生态斑块进行迁移构成的阻碍,不利于生态廊道的形成或维持具有负面的影响,提升或改善生态障碍点,可以提高生态廊道的连通性和质量[25]。利用Barrier Mapper工具识别阻力较大的区域,形成阻力阈值,最终得到生态障碍点分布。
生态夹点是廊道中电流密度较大的区域,对维持整个生态系统的安全具有重要的作用。本研究利用电路理论中的Pinch Point Mapper工具来识别生态夹点,按照相应的自然间断法将电流密度分为5个等级,选择最高级的作为夹点,将位于高、低阻力廊道上的夹点定义为一级,其他的为二级夹点(图7)。研究表明,生态夹点呈带状分布,多位于流出入位置。共有夹点69个,其中一级夹点23个,主要集中在辽河下、中游草地、耕地及河流地类上游的林地;二级夹点主要分布在辽河中部的林、草地,极大程度上增加源汇之间的连接性。
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