Objective The study aims to explore the impact of future climate and land use changes on runoff prediction and its influencing mechanisms in a lake basin. It helps investigate hydrological response patterns, optimize water resource allocation, and formulate adaptive management strategies. Methods Taking the Erhai Lake Basin as the study area, the research integrated CMIP6 climate data and land use data, coupling the PLUS model and SWAT model to construct an analytical framework for runoff prediction under future climate and land use change scenarios. This framework predicted runoff in the Erhai Lake Basin under three climate scenarios based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-1.9, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5), combined with future land use change. The geodetector with optimal parameter was used to reveal the main driving factors and their interactions affecting runoff in the basin. Results 1) Cultivated land, forest land, and grassland were the dominant land use types in the Erhai Lake Basin over the long term. From 2010 to 2020, urbanization drove the expansion of construction land, taking over cultivated land and forest land. By 2030, construction land was expected to reach 18 396 hm2, with an increase of 1 427 hm2 mainly converted from cultivated land, reflecting the pressures of population growth and infrastructure demand. 2) The runoff in the Erhai Lake Basin in 2030 showed variations under the three scenarios. The highest runoff was observed under the SSP5-8.5 scenario (19.592 m³/s), followed by the SSP1-1.9 scenario (18.013 m³/s), and the lowest under the SSP2-4.5 scenario (17.387 m³/s). Despite variations under different emission scenarios, the overall trend remained relatively stable. 3) The geodetector results indicated that wind speed exhibited strong independent explanatory power in most years, while the combination of precipitation and other factors showed significant interactive explanatory power. Conclusion In 2030, runoff in the Erhai Lake Basin remains relatively stable under all scenarios, with the annual average runoff following the trend of SSP5-8.5>SSP1-1.9>SSP2-4.5. In all three scenarios for 2030, wind speed has the greatest impact on runoff in the Erhai Lake Basin, while the combination of precipitation and other factors has a greater influence on runoff than other combinations.
气候和土地利用变化下湖泊流域径流变化是当下研究的热点。分布式水文模型作为再现流域不同空间尺度水循环内部过程及其相互作用机制的手段,在不同条件影响下的径流模拟及预测方面有着极其重要的应用[2-3],如PRMS(precipitation-runoff modeling system)[4]、VIC(variable infiltration capacity)[5]、SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)[6]等。其中,SWAT模型具有操作灵活、输入参数少及不断改进等特点已经在诸多流域内得到广泛应用,并取得满意的结果[5,7]。RESHMIDEVI等[8]使用与ArcGIS集成的SWAT对当时和未来的气候情景进行水文模拟,评估气候变化对印度河流域水平衡的影响,预测河流流量和地下水补给量的减少及灌溉需求的增加可能加剧该地区的水资源压力;HASAN等[9]将SWAT模型用于开发模拟河流流量,通过模型进行的数值模拟结果表明,气候变化会改变流域的季节性流态,未来的气候变化有可能对水电潜力产生影响;张萧萧等[10]基于SWAT模型对日照沭河流域雨水集蓄潜力展开分析,为研究区域内水资源的高效持续利用提供一系列科学依据;刘飞等[11]运用SWAT模型对珲春河流域地表径流进行简要分析,为洪水灾害研究提供参考数据。
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