绿肥驱动中国西北旱区土壤改良的作用效果及多维机制进展与展望
张一帆 , 徐昊文 , 吴洋洋 , 孙岩颖 , 黄亚浩 , 贾振江 , 李王成
水土保持学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (06) : 27 -40.
绿肥驱动中国西北旱区土壤改良的作用效果及多维机制进展与展望
Progress and Prospects of Role and Multidimensional Mechanisms of Green Manure in Driving Soil Improvement in Arid Regions of Northwest China
目的 系统梳理、总结和分析绿肥作物在中国西北地区土壤改良方面的应用现状及其作用机制,以期为旱区农业可持续发展和生态环境保护提供理论依据和实践指导。 方法 以绿肥作物的种植与应用为切入点,系统总结其在西北旱区的常见类型、种植模式与利用方式等,全面综述绿肥的生长凋亡对土壤物理、化学及生物特性的影响效应与调控机制。 结果 绿肥作物能够通过吸收土壤深层以及主作物未能利用的各类养分富集于自身,并经翻压还田等方式将其活化、固定于耕层;根系的生物作用改善土壤团聚结构,并显著提升水、气、热传导特性;土壤物理结构与养分环境的优化则进一步提升微生物多样性与酶活性。总体而言,绿肥通过自身生命活动与土壤生态系统的协同互作,综合改良土壤物理、化学与生物性质,共同驱动土壤健康发展。 结论 未来的相关研究可拓展和深化以下4个方面:1)深入揭示绿肥调控土壤微生境的生态功能、时空动态及其分子机制;2)定量分析绿肥作物对农田生态系统的作用效果及其遗留效应;3)加快推进绿肥种植技术的区域适应性技术体系构建与规模化应用;4)建立完善绿肥经济与政策体系的系统性框架。
Objective To systematically review, summarize, and analyze the application status and functional mechanisms of green manure crops for soil improvement in Northwest China, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for sustainable agricultural development and ecological protection in arid regions. Methods Focusing on the planting and application of green manure crops, the common types, planting patterns, and utilization methods in the arid regions of Northwest China are systematically summarized. The effects and regulatory mechanisms of green manure growth and senescence on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties are comprehensively reviewed. Results Green manure crops can absorb and concentrate various nutrients from deep soil layers and those not utilized by the main crops. Subsequently, these nutrients in the plow layer are activated and fixed through incorporation into the soil. The biological functions of the root systems improve the soil aggregate structure and significantly enhance the conductivity of water, air, and heat. The optimization of soil physical structure and nutrient environment further enhances microbial diversity and enzyme activity. Overall, green manure interacts synergistically with the soil ecosystem through its life processes to comprehensively improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, thereby driving the development of soil health. Conclusion Future research can be expanded and deepened in the following four aspects: 1) Revealing the ecological functions, spatiotemporal dynamics, and molecular mechanisms of green manure in regulating soil microhabitats; 2) Quantitatively analyzing the effects of green manure crops on farmland ecosystems and their residual impacts; 3) Accelerating the construction and large-scale application of regionally adaptive technical systems for green manure planting; 4) Establishing a systematic framework for improving the economy and policy systems of green manure.
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国家自然科学基金项目(52169010)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600)
宁夏自然科学基金重点项目(2021AAC02008)
宁夏重点研发计划项目(2019BEH03010)
清华大学-宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院项目(sklhse-2023-Iow013)
宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2021A03)
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