Objective This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of water conservation function and its driving mechanisms in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, providing a scientific basis for optimizing ecological security patterns from the perspective of land-sea coordination. Methods By integrating the InVEST-PLUS model, a comprehensive analytical framework of "land use evolution-water conservation response-driving mechanism interpretation" was established. This was combined with the optimal parameter-based geodetector and spatial autocorrelation analysis to quantitatively evaluate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and driving mechanisms of water conservation function from 2000 to 2030. Results From 2000 to 2020, the average water conservation volume decreased by 12.4%, exhibiting a stepped spatial pattern of "high in mountainous areas and low in coastal areas", with progressively intensified spatial clustering. Natural factors (q>0.5) dominated the heterogeneity, while expansion of transportation networks intensified functional fragmentation. The scenario predictions for 2030 showed that the total water conservation volume (1 570.79×10⁷ m³) under the ecological protection scenario would increase by 0.8% compared to the natural development scenario. However, the irreversible expansion of construction land continued to constrain functional recovery.Conclusion The degradation of water conservation function in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone is jointly driven by the coupled effects of natural background constraints and human activities. Achieving sustainable development requires differentiated ecological restoration strategies, such as prioritizing the protection of mountainous forests and innovating the "carbon sink-water conservation" synergistic trading mechanism. The findings provide multi-scenario simulation and spatial decision-making support methods for ecological management in coastal economic zones.
式中:I为全局Moran's I指数;N为样本区域渔网单元数量;xa、xb 为第a、b区域的水源涵养面积,km2;为xa 的平均值;wab 为空间权重矩阵。本文综合渔网的可视化分析结果,考虑更清晰的大范围的趋势,最终选择500 m空间分辨率的渔网。当Moran's I >0,表示要素为空间集聚分布模式,其值越大,空间集聚性越强;当Moran's I <0,表示要素为空间离散分布模式,其值越小,空间离散性越强;当Moran's I =0,要素呈空间随机分布模式。本文采用Local Moran's I 探测北部湾水源涵养功能空间局部性集聚特征。计算公式为:
本研究揭示了北部湾经济区2000—2020年水源涵养功能呈现“东高西低、山地高-沿海低”的阶梯式分布特征,且年平均值由255.7 mm下降至223.9 mm,退化速率在2010年后显著加剧。这一趋势与亚热带滨海区域生态系统服务功能退化的普遍规律一致,如长江三角洲及广东省等地的研究[4-5]均表明,快速城镇化导致的林地缩减与建设用地扩张是水源涵养功能衰减的核心动因。值得注意的是,玉林市北部及钦州市退耕还林区的水源涵养量局部增加,表明生态修复工程对功能恢复具有积极作用,但整体效应仍受限于建设用地扩张的不可逆性。与长江经济带等内陆区域相比,北部湾经济区水源涵养功能的空间异质性更显著,与其陆海过渡带复杂的地形地貌(如喀斯特与滨海湿地并存)及高强度人类活动叠加密切相关[31]。高春莲等[32]通过生态系统服务簇分析发现,北部湾山江海耦合带随地形位梯度的增加,水土保持和水质净化服务能力随之增高,进一步支持本研究的空间异质性结论。此外,水源涵养功能空间集聚性持续增强(Moran' s I:0.67~0.71),形成“山地收缩-城镇扩散”的极化格局。
DAlLYG C. Nature's Services: Societal dependence on natural ecosystems[M].Washington DC: Lsland Press,1997.
[2]
YINC C, ZHAOW W, CHERUBINIF, et al. Integrate ecosystem services into socio-economic development to enhance achievement of sustainable development goals in the post-pandemic era[J].Geography and sustainability,2021,2(1):68-73.
LIUY S, HOUP, WANGP, et al. Research progress on quantitative evaluation methods of water conservation service function in ecosystems[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2024,35(1):275-288.
[5]
SONGS, XUY P, WUZ F, et al. The relative impact of urbanization and precipitation on long-term water level variations in the Yangtze River delta[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,648:460-471.
WUW K, WUX. Characteristics of ecosystem services and ecological zoning optimization in Guangdong Province[J].Agriculture and Technology,2024,44(13):91-97.
[8]
SUDOLT A, NOEG B, REEDD J. Tidal wetland resilience to increased rates of sea level rise in the Chesapeake bay:Introduction to the special feature[J].Wetlands,2020,40(6):1667-1671.
[9]
AKHTERS, QIAOF, WUK, et al. Seasonal and long-term sea-level variations and their forcing factors in the northern bay of Bengal:A statistical analysis of temperature,salinity,wind stress curl,and regional climate index data[J].Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans,2021,95:e101239.
ZHANGZ W, GUOJ T, ZHANGJ, et al. Assessment of water conservation capacity and driving factors in Yunnan Province based on multi-source data[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2025,40(1):165-177.
FUC, LIF, LIUY Z, et al. Simulation and prediction of water conservation in Poyang Lake basin based on InVEST and CA-Markov models[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2024,57(11):1513-1521.
GONGS Y, XIAOY, ZHENGH, et al. Spatial characteristics and influencing factors of water conservation in China's ecosystems[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(7):2455-2462.
CHEND Q, LANZ Y, ZHANGY, et al. Evaluation of water conservation ecosystem services and their driving factors in Guangzhou City[J].Geospatial Information,2024,22(2):34-38.
SHANGT T, ZHANGY Q, RENY G. Spatiotemporal variation of water conservation function and its influencing factors in Gansu Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,44(6):237-247.
HUANGT, LIUS H. Assessment of land use change and carbon storage in Fujian Province based on PLUS-InVEST model[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,38(2):246-257.
National Development and Reform Commission. Notice on the issuance of the "Master Plan for the New Western Land-Sea Corridor" (No.1333[2019])[EB/OL].(2019-08-02).
ZHANGL F, RAND Y, ZHANGX, et al. Construction and evaluation of ecological security pattern in Beibu Gulf Economic Zone based on GIS[J].Ecological Science,2019,38(4):202-208.
DOUS Q, ZHANGN, LIUD D, et al. Spatiotemporal changes of ecosystem health in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone based on VOR and InVEST models[J].Guangxi Sciences,2024,31(3):581-592.
Department of Natural Resources of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Notice on the implementation of "Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone Territorial Plan( 2014—2030)"(No.24〔2016〕)[EB/OL].(2016-06-08).
YANGJ, XIEB P, ZHANGD G. Spatiotemporal variation of water yield in the Yellow River basin and its response to precipitation and land use change based on InVEST model[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2020,31(8):2731-2739.
HEQ Q, WANGJ W, BIX, et al. Spatiotemporal pattern and driving forces of water conservation function in Shanxi Province from 2005 to 2020[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2024,37(4):862-873.
[34]
TallisH T, RickettsT, NelsonE, et al. InVEST 1.004 beta user's guide[M].Stanford:The Natural Capital Project,2010.
[35]
傅抱璞.论陆面蒸发的计算[J].大气科学,1981,5(1):23-31.
[36]
FUB P. On the calculation of land surface evaporation[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,1981,5(1):23-31.
[37]
ZHANGL, HICKELK, DAWESW R, et al. A rational function approach for estimating mean annual evapotranspiration[J].Water Resources Research,2004,40(2):W02502.
[38]
广西壮族自治区水利厅. 2020年广西水资源公报[EB/OL]. (2021-09-01).
[39]
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Water Resources Department.Guangxi Water Resources Bulletin 2020 [EB/OL].(2021-09-01).
[40]
ZHOUW Z, LIUG H, PANJ J, et al. Distribution of available soil water capacity in China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2005,15(1):3-12.
ZHOUY N, GUANY H, LINY C, et al. Spatiotemporal variation of water yield and water conservation function in Xiao Luan River basin based on InVEST model[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,22(5):72-82.
[43]
王劲峰,徐成东. 地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.
[44]
WANGJ F, XUC D. Geodetector: Principle and prospective[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(1): 116-134.
WANGM Y, QIS, GUOY R, et al. Driving mechanisms of water yield in ecological conservation and water source areas of eastern Tibet-Western Sichuan[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2024,44(21):9520-9534.
[47]
LIANGX, GUANQ F, CLARKEK C, et al. Understanding the drivers of sustainable land expansion using a patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model: A case study in Wuhan,China[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2021,e85.
People's Government of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Notice on the issuance of the "14th Five-Year Plan for High-Quality Development of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone"(No. 143 〔2021〕)[EB/OL].(2022-01-14).
National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Notice on the issuance of Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration Development Plan (Development and Reform Plan No.277)[EB/OL].2017-02-16.
[52]
WANGY, DAIE, GEQ, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services and their trade-offs in the Hengduan Mountain region,southwest China[J].Catena,2021,207:e105632.
GAOC L, HUB Q, HUANGS M, et al. Evaluation and service cluster identification of ecosystem services in mountain-river-sea coupled critical zones: A case study of Karst-Beibu Gulf in southwest Guangxi[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2024,14(4):1346-1356.
[55]
CHENC, LIUY. Spatiotemporal changes of ecosystem services value by incorporating planning policies: A case of the Pearl River Delta,China[J].Ecological Modelling,2021,461:e109777.
[56]
DINGY, DONGX, FENGW, et al. Tetrabromobisphenol S alters the circadian rhythm network in the early life stages of zebrafish[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,806:e150543.
ZHAOZ X, ZHANGY J, PANY, et al. Impact of human activity intensity changes on ecosystem regulation services in Xizang supported by nighttime light data[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2020,22(7):1544-1554.
FENGJ. Spatiotemporal pattern of water conservation in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains based on InVEST and SWAT models[D].Xi'an: Northwest University,2021.
XINGX T, WANGQ, ZHAOJ J, et al. Land use and carbon storage changes in Jinan metropolitan area based on coupled InVEST-PLUS models[J].Remote Sensing for Natural Resources, 2025,37(4):118-130.
[63]
CONANTJR B, ROBINSONC E, HintonM J, et al. A framework for conceptualizing groundwater-surface water interactions and identifying potential impacts on water quality,water quantity,and ecosystems[J].Journal of Hydrology,2019,574:609-627.