Objective The hydraulic conditions are key factors influencing soil erosion. However, few studies have focused on the impact of hydraulic conditions on the soil detachment capacity under different surface roughness levels. Analyzing the impact of surface roughness on soil detachment capacity under different hydraulic conditions can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of soil erosion process models. Methods The close-range photogrammetry method was used to quantify surface roughness. Combined with scouring experiments, the soil detachment capacity under roughened and control treatments was quantified and analyzed under nine hydraulic shear stress conditions (1.61~7.04 Pa). Additionally, a prediction model for soil detachment capacity based on hydraulic parameters was established. Results 1) The total sediment load in runoff under both roughened and control treatments increased with increasing hydraulic shear stress. When the hydraulic shear stress was relatively low (1.64~4.69 Pa), the control treatment exhibited a significantly higher total sediment load than the roughened treatment (p<0.05). When the hydraulic shear stress was ≥4.69 Pa, the control treatment showed a significantly lower total sediment load than the roughened treatment (p<0.05). This indicated that larger surface roughness reduced soil erosion under low hydraulic parameters, while it increased the risk of soil erosion under high hydraulic conditions. 2) The soil detachment capacities under the control and roughened treatments ranged from 0.003 91 to 0.043 29 kg/(s·m2) and 0.003 07 to 0.139 97 kg/(s·m2), respectively. When the hydraulic shear stress was <4.69 Pa, the soil detachment capacity of roughened treated soil was reduced by 42.08% to 112.31% compared to the control treatment. When the hydraulic shear stress was ≥4.69 Pa, the soil detachment capacity under roughened treatment increased by 29.38% to 63.72% compared to the control treatment. 3) The soil detachment capacity for both treatments exhibited an exponential increase with increasing average flow velocity, runoff shear stress, runoff power, and unit runoff power. The soil detachment capacity could be well predicted by average flow velocity, and the soil detachment capacity prediction models based on average flow velocity under control and roughened treatments were Dc=0.003e2.752v (R2=0.916, NSE=0.908) and Dc=0.000 3e6.132v (R2=0.929, NSE=0.924), respectively. Conclusion When assessing and predicting soil erosion under different roughness conditions, the influence of hydraulic conditions should be fully considered.
使用回归分析评估土壤分离能力与各水力参数之间的关系。通过方差分析和事后LSD比较来评估不同处理间径流含沙总量的差异(p<0.05)。所有统计分析均使用SPSS 26.0软件进行。所有图形均使用Origin Pro 2021软件绘制。采用相对误差(RE)、相对均方根误差(RRMSE)、决定系数(R2)和Nash-Sutcliffe效率指数(NSE)评价所建立模型预测土壤分离能力的精度,计算公式为:
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