Objective This study aims to reveal the distribution characteristics of magnetic susceptibility in profiles of purple soil slope farmland and its main influencing factors, and to explore the application value of magnetic tracing technology for the quantitative assessment of soil erosion in purple soil. Methods Taking purple soil slope farmland as the research object, a shovel-based soil erosion simulation method was used to establish five erosion levels at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm and three management measures: no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer alone (F), and combined application of biochar and chemical fertilizer (BF). The distribution characteristics of soil profile magnetic susceptibility under different erosion levels and management measures were investigated, and the main influencing factors of magnetic susceptibility distribution were revealed. Results 1) The magnetic susceptibility of purple soil slope farmland decreased with profile depth. The highest value was observed in the surface layer (0~10 cm), indicating a distinct surface enhancement phenomenon. 2) Soil particle size was the dominant factor influencing the magnetic susceptibility of slope farmland, with a weight of 0.424 in the minimum dataset, followed by soil available nutrients (0.367) and organic matter (0.209). Magnetic susceptibility was higher when clay and silt particles were dominant. 3) The erosion level significantly reduced the magnetic susceptibility values (p<0.05), and its effect was independent of the management measures (p>0.05). Compared to S-0 (erosion of 0 cm), the treatments S-5 (erosion of 5 cm), S-10 (erosion of 10 cm), S-15 (erosion of 15 cm), and S-20 (erosion of 20 cm) showed decreases in magnetic susceptibility by an average of 12.50%, 13.14%, 24.52%, and 35.69%, respectively. 4) The magnetic susceptibility of purple soil slope farmland was dominated by fine particle content and was significantly negatively correlated with the erodibility factor (p<0.01). Erosion altered the vertical distribution characteristics of magnetic susceptibility by influencing the redistribution of materials in the soil profile. Conclusion The important influencing factors of the magnetic susceptibility distribution in eroded soil of purple soil slope farmland are soil particle size and erosion level. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for the quantitative application of magnetic tracing technology to assess dynamic changes in soil erosion.
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