Life Sciences Department,Yuncheng University,Shanxi Technology Innovation Center of High Value-Added Echelon Utilization of Premium Agro-Products,Yuncheng,Shanxi 044000,China
Objective This study aims to explore the variation characteristics of basic physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil under different fertilization conditions and key driving factors, providing a scientific basis for the fertilization strategies of saline-alkali land in China. Methods A total of 49 studies published from 2002 to 2024 (190 sets of relatively independent data related to soil physicochemical properties) were collected, and the Meta-analysis method was adopted to quantitatively analyze the effects of fertilization on the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil in China. Results 1) Overall, fertilization significantly reduced the bulk density and pH of saline-alkali soil by 5.01% and 3.41%, respectively, and significantly increased the mass fractions of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with the increases ranging from 9.71% to 29.06%. 2) Compared with chemical fertilizers and straw returning, organic fertilizers could significantly increase the mass fractions of total phosphorus, total potassium, and available nitrogen in the soil, and effectively reduce soil bulk density and pH. When the application rate of organic fertilizer was < 3 000 kg/hm2 and the amount of straw returning was 6 000-9 000, <6 000 kg/hm2, the mass fractions of total and available nutrients in the soil could be significantly increased. 3) Under all ranges of annual average temperature and precipitation, fertilization effectively increased the mass fractions of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available potassium. When the average annual temperature was <9, 9-12 ℃ and the average annual precipitation was <200 mm, the mass fractions of total phosphorus and total potassium could be effectively increased and the soil pH could be reduced. Fertilization under all initial soil pH levels and organic matter conditions could effectively increase the mass fractions of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, and available potassium, and reduce soil pH. When the initial pH was <8.5, 8.5-8.7, fertilization could effectively increase the mass fractions of total nutrients and available potassium, and reduce soil bulk density. When the initial organic matter was <9, 9-15 g/kg, the soil bulk density and pH could be effectively reduced. When it was > 15 g/kg, the mass fractions of total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil could be increased. 4) Planting system and annual precipitation were the main factors influencing the organic matter and pH of saline-alkali soil, while the initial pH and organic matter mass fraction of the soil were the key driving factors of available nitrogen. Conclusion All three types of fertilization can effectively improve the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil. The application of low amounts of organic fertilizer and straw returning, especially in regions with low temperature and low precipitation, has better effects on soil improvement in saline-alkali land. Annual precipitation, initial soil pH, and organic matter are the key driving factors of the basic properties of saline-alkali soil. The findings can provide a theoretical reference for the rational fertilization and the improvement of cultivated land quality in saline-alkali land.
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