Objective To scientifically evaluate the habitat quality of the Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone, construct an ecological security pattern, and provide scientific recommendations for ecological restoration. Methods Based on the multi-source remote sensing and land use data of the Poyang Lake Eco-Economic Zone in 2003, 2013 and 2023, combined with the remote sensing ecological index, morphological spatial pattern analysis, and circuit theory, the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of regional habitat quality were systematically evaluated. Additionally, the ecological security pattern of "source-corridor-pinch point-barrier" collaborative optimization was constructed. Results 1) The habitat quality in the study area was generally high (average RSEI value of 0.75-0.79), but it showed spatial differentiation characteristics of "degraded in the middle and stable at the edge". 2) Based on MSPA, 16 important ecological sources were identified and distributed in ecologically advantageous areas with high vegetation coverage such as Jiujiang, Jingdezhen, and Yingtan. 41 general ecological sources were distributed in patches in the transition zone and marginal buffer zone in the middle of the eco-economic zone, which jointly supported regional biodiversity. 3) Based on circuit theory, 119 ecological corridors and key nodes were identified to jointly optimize the structure and function of the regional ecological network. The key corridors vertically connected the central high-resistance area and the marginal ecological area to ensure ecological connectivity. The important corridors connected the three ecological sources in a ring to maintain system stability. The general corridors filled the gaps in a mesh-like pattern to enhance network density. The Nanchang-Shangrao ecological pinch point and the barrier point distribution area in central Yichun City and northwestern Ji'an City were the key areas of the ecological security pattern, playing a decisive role in delineating the ecological red line of the study area. Conclusion This study proposes a restoration mechanism of "source protection-corridor connectivity-pinch point regulation-barrier restoration", providing a scientific land spatial planning strategy of "one belt, two zones, and three screens" for delineating the ecological red line of the Poyang Lake Basin.
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