Objective This study aims to address the increasingly severe ecological challenges in Heilongjiang Province, including accelerated urbanization, landscape fragmentation, and biodiversity loss, thereby promoting healthy development of the ecosystem. Methods Based on land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020, landscape indices and landscape ecological risk indices were calculated to construct an ecological risk assessment model. The influence of ecological risk on ecological resistance was comparatively analyzed, and the ecological risk assessment results from 2020 were integrated into the comprehensive resistance surface. Ecological sources were identified and screened using the MSPA model and landscape connectivity analysis. Ecological corridors were extracted based on the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model and circuit theory. A multi-level ecological security pattern was constructed by integrating ecological risk zoning. Results 1) From 2000 to 2020, the high-risk areas of landscape ecology in Heilongjiang Province showed an overall decreasing trend and exhibited a spatial distribution pattern of "high on both sides and low in the middle". 2) Eleven ecological sources were identified and selected, and 24 ecological corridors with a total length of 6 443 km were established, providing a scientific basis for regional ecological protection and landscape optimization. 3) A total of 85 ecological pinch points and 36 ecological barrier points were identified. Combined with territorial spatial planning and ecological risk zoning, an ecological security pattern of "dual-core leadership, three-axis linkage, four-zone coordination, and multi-point support" was proposed. 4) The limitations of this study lay in the incomplete integration of ecosystem service functions and the lack of validation on the actual operational effectiveness of the ecological network. Conclusion The method and application of ecological security pattern construction based on ecological risk assessment proposed in this study can provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for Heilongjiang Province to promote the optimization of territorial space layout and enhance the sustainable utilization efficiency of territorial space.
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