1.Institute of Ecological Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China
2.State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing),Beijing 100083,China
Objective To explore the soil moisture migration patterns influenced by ground fissures in coal mining subsidence areas on soil water migration and reveal their migration mechanisms, and clarify the regulatory roles of different vegetation types and soil physical and chemical properties in this process. Methods Typical vegetation types (Artemisia desertorum, Poa annua, and biological soil crusts) in the Caojiatan mining area were taken as the research objects. Soil infiltration rate and evaporation characteristics under different treatments were monitored using a double-ring infiltrometer and a micro-lysimeter. Combined with analyses of soil physicochemical properties (bulk density, porosity, mechanical composition, etc.), analyze the influence mechanisms of ground fissures on moisture migration were elucidated under different plant-soil system. Results 1) Mining-induced ground fissures significantly affected soil moisture migration in surrounding areas. Their existence increased soil infiltration rate and evaporation, both of which rose significantly closer to the fissures and declined with increasing horizontal distance. 2) The dynamic responses of soil moisture varies under different vegetation covers. Among them, the stable infiltration rate under A. desertorum was significantly higher than in other treatments, as its root system formed macropores that promoted the development of preferential flow. Infiltration rate and evaporation followed the order of A. desertorum>P. annua>bare land>moss crust. 3) Both soil infiltration rate and evaporation showed extremely significant negative correlations with soil bulk density, but extremely significant positive correlations with total porosity and capillary porosity. Higher porosity enhanced soil water-holding capacity and hydraulic conductivity, thus promoting water infiltration and evaporation. Conclusion Mining-induced ground fissures significantly promote the migration process of surrounding soil moisture. This process is mainly controlled by pore structure, with total porosity and soil bulk density being the key influencing factors. The research results provide theoretical references for ecological restoration in coal mining subsidence areas.
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