Objective Currently, research on the coupled impacts of multi-scenario land use change on ecosystem services at the scale of large river basins is relatively insufficient. Methods The Pearl River Basin was selected as the study area. Based on land use data from three periods (2000, 2010, and 2020), three scenarios (natural development, ecological protection, and cultivated land protection) were established. The FLUS model was employed to simulate the land use pattern in 2040, and the InVEST model was used to assess the spatiotemporal changes in three key ecosystem services: carbon storage, water yield, and soil conservation. Results The land use structure differed significantly under different scenarios. Under the natural development scenario, the expansion of construction land led to the continuous shrinkage of ecological land. The ecological protection scenario effectively maintained the scale of forest and grass vegetation, while the cultivated land protection scenario, although ensuring the preservation of cultivated land, still exerted conversion pressure on forest and shrub resources. Ecosystem services responded differently to land use change. The ecological protection scenario performed optimally in terms of carbon storage and soil conservation, but showed the smallest increase in water yield, reflecting the regulatory role of ecological land in water conservation. A single cultivated land protection policy was insufficient to comprehensively improve ecosystem service functions. The spatial distribution of ecosystem services exhibited the characteristics of "overall stability and local sensitivity", and change hotspots were highly consistent with areas of intensive human activity. Conclusion The findings reveal the influencing mechanisms of land use change on ecosystem services in the Pearl River Basin under different policy orientations, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing territorial space and formulating ecological management strategies in the river basin.
土地利用与土地覆被变化(land use and land cover change,LUCC)是全球环境变化与区域可持续发展研究中的核心议题之一。作为自然过程与人类活动共同作用的结果,LUCC不仅重塑地表景观格局,更深刻影响区域生态系统服务功能的供给能力。随着全球城市化与工业化进程的加快,土地利用格局的演变对区域生态系统服务供给及生态安全格局的塑造愈加重要。已有研究[1-2]表明,LUCC是驱动碳循环、土壤侵蚀、水文调节和生物多样性变化的关键因素。因此,在快速城市化与生态保护双重背景下,模拟与预测未来土地利用变化,并结合多情景生态系统服务评估,已成为当前地理学与生态学领域的研究前沿[3-5]。
近年来,随着地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)及空间模拟技术的进步,涌现出多种土地利用变化预测模型。其中,FLUS(Future Land Use Simulation)模型结合了人工神经网络(ANN)、元胞自动机(CA)和马尔可夫链方法,能够有效处理复杂非线性驱动因子关系与空间异质性,已被广泛应用于区域LUCC模拟研究[6]。该模型能够基于历史土地利用演变规律及驱动因子,预测不同情景约束下的未来土地利用空间配置;同时,生态系统服务作为衡量土地利用生态效应的重要指标,通常借助生态模型进行定量评估。InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs)模型凭借着其适中的数据需求、合理的模块化设计,成为国际上广泛使用的生态系统服务评估工具之一[7-8]。该模型能够对不同时期、不同情景下的碳储量、产水量、土壤保持和生境质量等服务进行空间化定量计算,为土地利用变化的生态效应提供科学评估依据[9]。
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