Objective Soil erosion resistance is an important indicator characterizing the ability of soil to resist erosion, including rill erodibility and critical shear stress. This study aims to explore the evolution characteristics of erosion resistance in undisturbed and disturbed soils in the collapse wall of Benggang, and to reveal the mechanisms by which soil physical and chemical properties affect erosion resistance. Methods Undisturbed soil samples and simulated disturbed soils (simulating colluvial deposits) from five soil layers of a granite Benggang in Anxi County, Fujian Province, were used as research objects. Soil physical and chemical properties, shear strength, and other indicators were measured. Erosion resistance was obtained through indoor flume scouring experiments. The influencing mechanisms were analyzed using correlation analysis, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results Significant vertical differentiation was observed in the erosion resistance of undisturbed soils. The rill erodibility of surface soil on the collapse wall was significantly lower than that of deep layers. After disturbance, the rill erodibility of each soil layer increased by 65-3 571 times, among which the laterite–sand layer was the most sensitive to disturbance. Except for the clastic layer, the critical shear stress of other soil layers decreased after disturbance, with reductions of 0.21-0.65 times. Clay content and free alumina content showed extremely significant negative correlations with rill erodibility. Specifically, clay content was the core factor affecting rill erodibility of both undisturbed and disturbed soils, and soil hardness played an important mediating role in the influence of physical and chemical properties on erodibility. Conclusion Soil disturbance significantly reduces the erosion resistance of Benggang. Cementing agents such as clay particles are crucial for maintaining soil resistance to erosion. The findings provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive control of Benggang.
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