1.State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
2.College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering;(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation),Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China
Objective This study aims to evaluate the current status and carbon sequestration potential of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in terrestrial ecosystems of Shaanxi Province, and to reveal the controlling factors of its spatial pattern and enhancement pathways, thereby providing a scientific basis for differentiated ecological management to support the region's "dual carbon" goals. Methods This study focused on the terrestrial ecosystems of Shaanxi Province. Based on data from 811 measured sampling sites, the current SOC storage was estimated by combining forward feature selection with the random forest algorithm, and the carbon sequestration potential was further assessed based on the Third Law of Geography. Results 1) The SOC storage in Shaanxi Province was approximately 1.3 Pg, with an average density of about (65.8±28.0) t/hm2, while the theoretical maximum SOC storage reached 1.6 Pg, approximately 1.2 times the current level. 2) The spatial heterogeneity of SOC density was significant, showing an increasing trend from north to south. The average carbon density in southern Shaanxi [(88.1 ± 12.3) t/hm2] was about 2.3 times that in northern Shaanxi [(38.7 ± 21.3) t/hm2], a pattern primarily driven by the gradient effects of climate, topography, and land use type. 3) Forests constituted the core of soil carbon sequestration, contributing about 61.1% of the total storage, which was attributed to their high vegetation productivity and stable litter input. 4) Grasslands exhibited the highest carbon sequestration potential index (0.33), mainly because their initial carbon storage was low and their carbon sink capacity could be significantly enhanced through vegetation restoration and soil improvement measures. Conclusion The SOC storage in Shaanxi Province demonstrates significant carbon sequestration potential. Due to differences in climate, topography, and soil conditions, regional carbon sequestration capacity differs significantly. It is recommended to develop differentiated management strategies tailored to local conditions, prioritizing the implementation of grassland restoration projects and forest tending management, to enhance the overall soil carbon sink capacity across Shaanxi. The findings can provide a scientific basis and data support for the implementation of ecological restoration projects and carbon sink management in Shaanxi Province.
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