水力侵蚀对崩岗形成的驱动机制研究进展及防控启示
Research Progress on Driving Mechanisms of Benggang Formation Induced by Hydraulic Erosion and Implications for Prevention and Control
目的 崩岗侵蚀通常遵循“坡面侵蚀-切沟侵蚀-崩岗雏形-大型崩岗”的阶段性演变规律。研究旨在厘清水力侵蚀在崩岗形成关键阶段的驱动作用及核心路径,为区域侵蚀防控提供科学依据。 方法 通过系统梳理国内外相关研究,基于坡面侵蚀发展链条,归纳构建崩岗形成阶段的机制框架。 结果 在崩岗形成阶段,水力侵蚀起主导作用,显著增大沟壁高差,削弱土体稳定性并诱发重力侵蚀;重力侵蚀则在发展阶段逐渐成为驱动崩岗快速扩张的主导动力,二者通过“掏蚀-崩塌-再侵蚀”的正反馈作用维持崩岗的高强度侵蚀状态。此外,植被破坏、工程开挖等人为扰动是触发崩岗加速形成的关键诱因。 结论 崩岗防控需以阻断坡面水力侵蚀链为核心,严格管控人为扰动并分阶段实施差异化治理策略。未来研究应开展水力与重力侵蚀的时空贡献量化研究,完善崩岗演变的监测预警体系,为崩岗生态修复与水土保持工程决策提供科学支撑。
Objective Benggang erosion generally follows a staged evolutionary pattern slope erosion-gully erosion-incipient Benggang-large-scale Benggang. This study aims to clarify the driving role and core pathways of hydraulic erosion in the key stages of Benggang formation, providing a scientific basis for regional erosion prevention and control. Methods By systematically reviewing relevant domestic and international studies, and based on the slope erosion development chain, a mechanism framework for the Benggang formation stage is summarized and constructed. Results During the Benggang formation stage, hydraulic erosion plays a dominant role, significantly increasing the height difference of gully walls, weakening soil stability, and inducing gravity erosion. During the development stage, gravity erosion gradually becomes the dominant driving force for the rapid expansion of Benggang, and the two maintain a high-intensity erosion state of Benggang through the positive feedback cycle of undercutting-collapse-re-erosion. In addition, human disturbances such as vegetation destruction and engineering excavation are key factors triggering the accelerated formation of Benggang. Conclusion Benggang prevention and control should take blocking the slope hydraulic erosion chain as the core, strictly regulate human disturbances, and implement differentiated management strategies in stages. Future research should focus on quantitative studies of the spatiotemporal contributions of hydraulic and gravity erosion, improve the monitoring and early warning system for Benggang evolution, and provide scientific support for Benggang ecological restoration and decision-making in soil and water conservation engineering.
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国家自然科学基金项目(42307448)
河南省科技攻关计划项目(252102320243)
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