1.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
2.Faculty of Arts and Sciences,Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai,Zhuhai,Guangdong 510987,China
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文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2025-08-13
2025-09-22
2026-04-01
Issue Date
2026-09-09
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摘要
目的 小流域土壤侵蚀模型是小流域水土保持规划和水土保持效益评价的技术工具。 方法 针对小流域侵蚀输沙特点以及生产需求,利用Visual Studio 2017研发了小流域土壤侵蚀模型。 结果 该模型是一个次降雨分布式模型,产流用径流曲线数模型计算,坡面汇流采用美国土壤保持局单位线,沟道汇流采用马斯京根法或非线性马斯京根-康吉法计算。坡面侵蚀计算采用中国土壤流失方程,利用泥沙连续方程进行汇沙计算,其中的水流挟沙力分坡面和沟道采用相应的适宜计算公式。同时考虑沟道谷坊和淤地坝等工程措施对汇流及汇沙的影响。利用黄土高原延安安塞杏树窑子沟小流域及东北黑土区嫩江鹤北农场8号小流域的降雨径流泥沙观测数据对模型进行了验证,该模型对径流深、洪峰流量、流域出口输沙量的模拟均取得满意的效果,且模型能得到流域的径流深、洪峰流量、坡面侵蚀及泥沙输移量的空间分布。 结论 该模型能为小流域水土保持设计提供技术工具,支撑数字孪生流域建设和水土保持智慧化建设。
Abstract
Objective The small watershed soil erosion model is a technical tool for soil and water conservation planning and evaluation of soil and water conservation benefits in small watersheds. Methods Based on the characteristics of erosion and sediment transport as well as production requirements in small watersheds, a small watershed soil erosion model was developed using Visual Studio 2017. Results The model was an event-based rainfall distributed model. Runoff yield was calculated using the runoff curve number method. Slope inflow was simulated using the unit hydrograph from the US Soil Conservation Service, and channel inflow was calculated using the Muskingum method or the nonlinear Muskingum-Cunge method. Slope soil erosion was calculated using the Chinese Soil Loss Equation, and sediment concentration was calculated using the sediment continuity equation, with the sediment transport capacity of water flow calculated using appropriate formulas for slopes and channels, respectively. Additionally, the model considered the impact of engineering measures such as check dams and warping dams on inflow and sediment concentration. The model was validated using rainfall-runoff-sediment observation data from the Xingshuyaozi Gully small watershed in Ansai, Yan'an, Loess Plateau, and the No. 8 small watershed in Hebei Farm, Nenjiang, Northeast Black Soil Region. The model demonstrated satisfactory performance in simulating runoff depth, peak discharge, and sediment transport at the watershed outlet. Moreover, it provided spatial distribution of runoff depth, peak discharge, slope erosion, and sediment transport within the watershed. Conclusion The model can provide a technical tool for soil and water conservation design in small watersheds and support the construction of digital twin watersheds and the development of intelligent soil and water conservation.
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