短期模拟氮沉降对兴安落叶松林土壤呼吸及其组分的影响
刘智东 , 王冰 , 赵娜 , 张欣 , 张秋良 , 萨如拉
内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (02) : 35 -44.
短期模拟氮沉降对兴安落叶松林土壤呼吸及其组分的影响
Impact of Short-term Simulated Nitrogen Deposition on Soil Respiration and Its Components in Larix gmelinii Forest
森林土壤呼吸的碳通量是全球碳循环中仅次于植被光合作用的第二大碳通量,其微小波动既会改变大气中CO2浓度,还会影响森林碳储存能力。大气氮沉降增加对森林生态系统碳循环产生了深刻影响,当前气候变化日益严峻,模拟氮沉降对土壤呼吸的影响机制受到学者们的广泛关注。本研究以兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林为对象,于2023年5-10月设置3个氮沉降水平,分别为0 g·m-2·a-1(CK)、5 g·m-2·a-1(N1)、10 g·m-2·a-1(N2),测定土壤呼吸及其组分与土壤环境因子,探究短期模拟氮沉降对兴安落叶松林土壤呼吸及其组分的影响。结果表明:①CK、N1及N2这3种处理下土壤呼吸及其组分均有明显月变化特征,相较于CK,N1和N2处理显著提高了兴安落叶松林土壤呼吸及其组分(P<0.05),表现为N2>N1>CK,各氮沉降促进效果均表现为自养呼吸>总呼吸>异养呼吸;②与土壤自养呼吸相比,土壤异养呼吸占土壤总呼吸比例最大(CK、N1和N2分别占72.39%、72.25%和71.48%);③兴安落叶松林土壤呼吸及其组分与土壤温度呈显著的指数关系,短期氮沉降降低了土壤呼吸及其组分Q10,均表现为CK>N1>N2;④除N2处理外,其余处理土壤呼吸及其组分与土壤湿度存在显著的相关关系(P<0.05),但其相关性小于土壤温度与土壤呼吸及其组分,土壤呼吸及其组分与土壤温湿度的复合模型优于单因子模型;⑤冗余分析结果表明,短期模拟氮沉降下,影响土壤呼吸及其组分最重要的化学因子是土壤MBC。本研究通过揭示兴安落叶松林土壤呼吸及其组分对短期氮沉降的响应,可为准确评估该区域生态系统的碳循环对全球氮沉降增加的响应提供基础数据和理论依据。
Forest soil respiration is the second largest carbon flux in the global carbon cycle, following vegetation photosynthesis. Its small fluctuations can not only change the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, but also affect the forest carbon storage capacity. The increase in atmospheric nitrogen deposition has significantly impacted the carbon cycle of forest ecosystems. As climate change intensifies, understanding the mechanisms by which simulated nitrogen deposition affects soil respiration has garnered considerable attention from researchers. This study focused on the Larix gmelinii forest and set three nitrogen deposition levels from May to October 2023, namely 0 g·m-2·a-1 (CK), 5 g·m-2·a-1 (N1) and 10 g·m-2·a-1 (N2). The soil respiration and its components, as well as soil environmental factors, were measured to explore the mechanism of short-term nitrogen deposition on the soil respiration and its components in Larix gmelinii forest. The results showed that, the soil respiration and its components showed significant monthly variations under CK, N1 and N2 treatments. Compared to CK, N1 and N2 treatments significantly increased soil respiration and its components in the Larix gmelinii forest (P<0.05), with N2>N1>CK, the promoting effects of nitrogen deposition were Ra>Rs>Rh. Compared with the soil autotrophic respiration, the soil heterotrophic respiration accounted for the largest proportion of total soil respiration, with CK, N1 and N2 accounted for 72.39%, 72.25% and 71.48%, respectively. The soil respiration and its components in Larix gmelinii forest showed a significant exponential relationship with the soil temperature, and short-term nitrogen deposition reduced soil respiration and its component Q10, both showing CK>N1>N2. Except for the N2 treatment, there was a significant correlation between the soil respiration and its components and soil moisture in all other treatments (P<0.05), but the correlation was smaller than that between the soil temperature and soil respiration and its components. The composite model of soil respiration and its components with soil temperature and moisture was superior to the single-factor model. The redundancy analysis results indicated that the soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was the main factor that influencing soil respiration and its components under short-term simulated nitrogen deposition. This study revealed the response characteristics and mechanisms of soil respiration and its components to short-term nitrogen deposition in the Larix gmelinii forest, and provided basic data and theoretical basis for accurately evaluating the response of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems in the region to the global nitrogen deposition increase.
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国家自然科学基金项目(32260389)
内蒙古自治区重点研发计划项目(2023YFDZ0026)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023KYPT0001)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2024KYPT0003)
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