基于SCoT标记的56份蒲公英种质遗传多样性分析
安素妨 , 许兰杰 , 余永亮 , 杨红旗 , 杨青 , 董薇 , 梁慧珍
内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (02) : 55 -64.
基于SCoT标记的56份蒲公英种质遗传多样性分析
Genetic Diversity Analysis of 56 Taraxacum Materials Based on SCoT Marker
为深入了解蒲公英(Taraxacum)种质资源的遗传多样性以及亲缘关系,本文采用目标起始密码子多态性标记(SCoT)技术,以收集的56份蒲公英种质资源为试验材料,从80个SCoT引物中筛选出多态性较高的引物对供试材料进行PCR扩增,分析不同蒲公英种质资源的多态性、遗传多样性,并对居群进行主成分及聚类分析。结果显示:从80个SCoT引物中筛选出33个多态性高、重复性好的引物,共扩增出4 892条多态性条带,多态性比率94.75%,平均每条引物可扩增出多态性条带148.24条。观测等位基因数(Na)的均值1.96,有效等位基因数(Ne)的均值1.66,Nei′s基因多样性指数(H)均值为0.38,Shannon′s信息指数(I)均值为0.55,表明供试56份蒲公英材料具有较高的遗传多样性水平;蒲公英种质资源居群间的遗传距离介于0.034 5~0.209 0,平均值为0.112 7,其中河南省和江苏省的遗传距离最大且遗传一致性最小,福建省和甘肃省的遗传距离最小且遗传一致性最大。居群间遗传距离与遗传一致性呈正态分布,且存在较大遗传差异;56份蒲公英遗传相似系数在0.54~0.97,聚类分析显示在遗传相似系数0.56处可将56份蒲公英种质聚为2个类群,药用蒲公英(Taraxacum officinale)、碱地蒲公英(Taraxacum borealisinense)、鸡西蒲公英(鸡西栽培种)聚为1类,表明亲缘关系较近,均为药用蒲公英。综合研究结果表明:基于SCoT分析供试的56份蒲公英种质遗传多样性,其表现出丰富的多态性,表明可以用SCoT标记技术对蒲公英进行分子水平的遗传多样性研究。
To gain an in-depth understanding of the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of Taraxacum germplasm resources, providing a theoretical basis for the protection and new variety breeding of Taraxacum germplasm resources, the start codon targeted polymorphism marker (SCoT) technology was employed to analyze 56 collected Taraxacum germplasm resources. From 80 SCoT primers, 33 high-polymorphism primers were selected for PCR amplification of the test materials. The analysis included the polymorphism, genetic diversity, cluster analysis and principal components of different Taraxacum germplasm resources. The results revealed that 33 primers with high polymorphism and good repeatability were identified, and a total of 4 892 polymorphic bands were amplified. The polymorphism rate was 94.75%, and an average of 148.24 polymorphic bands could be amplified by each primer. The average value of the observed allele number (Na) was 1.96; the average value of the effective allele number (Ne) was 1.66. Nei's gene diversity index (H) averaged 0.38, and the average value of Shannon's information index (I) was 0.55, indicating a high level of genetic diversity among the 56 tested Taraxacum materials. The genetic distance between Taraxacum germplasm resource populations ranged from 0.034 5 to 0.209 0, with an average of 0.112 7. Notably, the genetic distance between Henan Province and Jiangsu Province was the largest, while the genetic consistency was the smallest. The genetic distance between Fujian Province and Gansu Province was the smallest, but the genetic consistency was the largest. The genetic distance and genetic consistency between populations were normally distributed and there were large genetic differences. The genetic similarity coefficients of 56 Taraxacum ranged from 0.54 to 0.97. The cluster analysis showed that 56 Taraxacum germplasm could be clustered into two groups at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.56. Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum borealisinense, and Jixi taraxacum were clustered into one group, indicating a close genetic relationship and all being medicinal Taraxacum. The comprehensive research results indicated that based on the SCoT analysis of the genetic diversity of the 56 Taraxacum germplasm tested, it showed rich polymorphism, indicating that the SCoT marker technology could be used for the study of genetic diversity of Taraxacum at the molecular level.
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