变容勺式大豆玉米带状复合精量穴播器关键部件参数优化与性能试验
玄德正 , 董文学 , 刘飞 , 张安斌 , 任宇星
内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5) : 68 -78.
变容勺式大豆玉米带状复合精量穴播器关键部件参数优化与性能试验
Parameter Optimization and Performance Testing of a Variable-capacity Spoon-type Precision Hill Seeder for Strip-intercropping of Soybean and Maize
本研究针对内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区大豆玉米带状复合种植缺乏专用精量播种机具的问题,提出了一种变容勺式精量穴播器,并结合3种适宜的带状种植模式进行应用探索。通过建立充种、种勺清种与过桥清种阶段的力学模型,确定穴播器的理论角速度范围为0~6.6 rad/s。利用EDEM软件开展单因素与响应面仿真试验,对角速度、引种勺倾角及过桥槽长度3个关键参数进行优化。结果表明,玉米最佳播种参数为角速度4.7 rad/s、引种勺倾角71.3°、过桥槽长度15 mm;大豆播种最佳参数为角速度5.5 rad/s、引种勺倾角78.8°、过桥槽长度10 mm。田间试验进一步验证了仿真结果:大豆播种合格率达89.2%~90.2%,漏播率为2.5%~2.9%,重播率为2.9%~3.8%;玉米播种合格率为93.8%~94.4%,漏播率2.8%~3.0%,重播率2.6%~2.8%。田间试验与仿真结果误差较小,符合农艺要求。研究表明,该播种装置结构简单、成本低廉,适用于鄂尔多斯及类似地区大豆玉米带状复合机械化种植的推广应用。
This study addressed the lack of specialized precision seeding machinery for soybean–maize strip intercropping in the Ordos region of Inner Mongolia by proposing a variable-capacity spoon-type precision hill seeder, combined with three suitable strip intercropping patterns. Mechanical models were established for the seed filling, spoon cleaning, and bridge cleaning stages, and the theoretical operating angular velocity range of the seeder was determined as 0~6.6 rad/s. Using the EDEM software, single-factor and response surface simulations were conducted to optimize three key parameters, i.e., the angular velocity, the spoon inclination angle, and the bridge groove length. The results showed that the optimal seeding parameters for maize were an angular velocity of 4.7 rad/s, a spoon inclination angle of 71.3°, and a bridge groove length of 15 mm, for soybean, the optimal parameters were 5.5 rad/s, 78.8°, and 10 mm, respectively. Field experiments further validated the simulation outcomes, which showed that the soybean achieved a qualified seeding rate of 89.2%~90.2%, a missed seeding rate of 2.5%~2.9%, and a reseeding rate of 2.9%~3.8%, the maize achieved a qualified seeding rate of 93.8%~94.4%, a missed seeding rate of 2.96%~3.01%, and a reseeding rate of 2.6%~2.8%. The discrepancy between the simulation and field results was minimal, meeting agronomic requirements. Overall, the seeder is structurally simple, cost-effective, and suitable for large-scale promotion of mechanized soybean–maize strip intercropping in Ordos and similar regions.
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内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2023YFHH0012)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2025YFHH0133)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZY0052)
鄂尔多斯市重点研发计划项目(YF20232341)
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