航天诱变对4种禾本科牧草SP1代农艺性状的影响
闫伟 , 王瑞利 , 李振坚 , 张秀娟 , 王绎 , 李赛 , 李瑞静
内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6) : 8 -14.
航天诱变对4种禾本科牧草SP1代农艺性状的影响
Effects of Space Mutation on Agronomic Traits of SP1 Generation of Four Gramineous Forages
为探究航天空间(微重力、强辐射、高真空)诱变对禾本科牧草种子SP1代(地面播种种植后的第一代植株)田间农艺性状的影响,本研究选择‘1号’羊草(Leymus chinensis‘No.1’)、‘2号’羊草(Leymus chinensis‘No.2’)、根茎冰草(Agropyron michnoi)、‘乡土1号’蒙古冰草(Agropyron mongolicum Keng.‘Xiangtu No.1’)4种禾本科牧草种子于2023年搭乘神舟十六号载人飞船进行空间搭载实验,2024年以地面对照组为参照,开展SP1代田间相关农艺性状的变化值测定。研究结果表明:‘1号’羊草、‘2号’羊草、‘乡土1号’蒙古冰草诱变组发芽指数显著高于对照(P<0.05),根茎冰草发芽指数显著降低(P<0.05),活力指数仅‘1号’羊草显著提升;4种牧草的株高、单株鲜重均受一定程度的抑制,但‘1号’羊草、‘乡土1号’蒙古冰草主根长显著增加(P<0.05),根茎冰草叶宽略有增加(P<0.05);‘1号’羊草、根茎冰草抽穗期显著延迟(P<0.05),穗长、小穗数、结实率下降,‘乡土1号’蒙古冰草抽穗期略提前,部分穗部指标稳定;羊草和根茎冰草单株鲜重、干重显著降低(P<0.05),‘乡土1号’蒙古冰草生物量无显著变化。
To investigate the effects of space-induced mutagenesis (microgravity, strong radiation, high vacuum) on the field agronomic traits of the SP1 generation (the first generation of plants grown after ground sowing) of Poaceae forage grasses, this study used seeds of four species, i.e., Leymus chinensis ‘No.1’, Leymus chinensis ‘No.2’, Agropyron michnoi, and Agropyron mongolicum Keng. ‘Xiangtu No.1’. In 2023, the seeds were carried into space aboard the Shenzhou-16 manned spacecraft for a space exposure experiment. In 2024, the changes in agronomic traits of the SP1 generation were measured in the field, using the ground control groups as references. The results showed that the germination index of the mutagenized groups of Leymus chinensis ‘No.1’, Leymus chinensis ‘No.2’, and Agropyron mongolicum Keng. ‘Xiangtu No.1’ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), while the germination index of Agropyron michnoi significantly decreased (P<0.05). Only Leymus chinensis ‘No.1’ exhibited a significant increase in the vigor index. The plant height and fresh weight per plant of all four forage grasses were somewhat inhibited. However, the main root length of Leymus chinensis ‘No.1’ and Agropyron mongolicum Keng. ‘Xiangtu No.1’ significantly increased (P<0.05), and the leaf width of Agropyron michnoi slightly increased (P<0.05). The heading stage of Leymus chinensis ‘No.1’ and Agropyron michnoi was significantly delayed (P<0.05), with reductions in spike length, spikelet number, and seed setting rate. In contrast, the heading stage of Agropyron mongolicum Keng. ‘Xiangtu No.1’ was slightly advanced, with some spike-related traits remaining stable. The fresh weight and dry weight per plant of the Leymus chinensis and Agropyron michnoi significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the biomass of Agropyron mongolicum Keng. ‘Xiangtu No.1’ showed no significant change.
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