岱海浮游植物群落结构特征及水质评价
Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Quality Assessment in Daihai Lake
为探究岱海浮游植物群落结构季节变化特征及水质状况,本研究采用人工镜检和水化学分析法于2023年对岱海浮游植物群落结构及水环境因子进行调查,运用单因子评价法、浮游植物多样性指数和综合营养状态指数评价岱海水质。结果表明:岱海共鉴定出浮游植物7门28属45种,以硅藻门(48.90%)和绿藻门(28.89%)为主,其中,优势种9种,美小针杆藻为春季绝对优势种,小桩藻和弓形藻为夏、秋季绝对优势种;岱海浮游植物平均细胞密度为12.93×104 个/L,平均生物量为125.86 ug/L,夏、秋季均显著高于春季;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数均值分别为1.95和0.96,基于生物多样性指数评价岱海营养状态,春、秋季为中度-中富营养状态,夏季为中富-富营养状态;单因子水质评价结果表明,岱海以劣Ⅴ类水质为主,且总氮、高锰酸盐指数和总磷是影响水质的主要因子,岱海综合营养状态指数均值为53.81,指示水体各季节均处于轻度富营养状态。研究表明,岱海2023年浮游植物群落以硅藻和绿藻为主,其密度、生物量和物种多样性总体较低,水体处于轻度至中度富营养状态,需持续加强岱海生态环境的系统监测与综合保护。
To investigate the seasonal variation characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure and water quality in Daihai Lake, the study employed the microscopic examination and hydrochemical analysis to investigate the phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors of Daihai Lake in 2023. Single factor evaluation method, phytoplankton diversity index and comprehensive trophic status index were used to evaluate the water quality in Daihai Lake.The results showed that a total of 45 species belonging to 28 genera and seven phyla were identified in Daihai Lake, with Bacillariophyta (48.89%) and Chlorophyta (28.89%) being the dominant phyla. Among these, nine species were identified as dominant species. Synedra pulchella was the absolutely dominant species in spring, while Characium sp. and Schroederia sp. were the absolutely dominant species in summer and autumn. The average cell density of phytoplankton in Daihai Lake was 12.93 × 10⁴ cells/L, with an average biomass of 125.86 μg/L, both indices were significantly higher in summer and autumn than those in spring. The annual average values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and richness index were 1.95 and 0.96, respectively. Based on biodiversity index evaluation, the trophic state of Daihai Lake was assessed as mesotrophic to moderate eutrophic in spring and autumn, and moderate eutrophic to eutrophic in summer. The results by single factor evaluation method showed that the water quality of Daihai Lake was inferior to Class V,with the total nitrogen, permanganate index and total phosphorus identified as the primary influencing factors. The annual mean comprehensive trophic status index of Daihai Lake was 53.81, indicating that the water body was in a state of light eutrophication across all seasons. In summary,the phytoplankton community of Daihai Lake was dominated by Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta in 2023, with low levels of density, biomass and species diversity. The water body was in a state of light to moderate eutrophication. Sustained efforts should be devoted to enhancing the systematic monitoring and comprehensive protection of the ecological environment of Daihai Lake.
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内蒙古高等学校科学研究项目(NJZZ23042)
内蒙古农业大学青年教师科研能力提升专项项目(BR230153)
呼和浩特市科技创新领域人才项目(RZ2500004442)
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