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摘要
【目的】开发桑树特异性分子标记,系统解析桑树种质资源的遗传多样性,为种质鉴定、亲缘关系分析和核心种质筛选提供依据,进而服务于桑树育种材料的高效利用与种质创新。【方法】以46份桑树种质为供试材料,基于桑树基因组重测序数据筛选设计Indel(insertion-deletion)引物,通过单因素和正交试验优化InDel-PCR反应体系,并进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】InDel-PCR最佳反应体系为:Buffer(含Mg2+)2.0 µL,2.5 mmol·L-1 dNTP 0.4 μL,上、下游引物(10 μmol·μL-1)各0.8 μL, Taq DNA聚合酶(5 U·μL-1)0.25 μL,DNA(50 ng·μL-1)1 μL,ddH2O 14.75 μL。扩增程序为95 ℃预变性3 min,94 ℃变性30 s、58 ℃退火60 s、72 ℃延伸60 s,30个循环,72 ℃延伸10 min,4 ℃保存。基于优化的InDel分子标记体系,对42份桑树种质开展遗传多样性检测及UPGMA(Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean)聚类分析。供试种质间遗传分化显著,群体呈中等偏上遗传多样性水平;平均遗传距离为0.372 9,期望杂合度( H)平均值达0.350 7,香农信息指数( I)均值为0.533 8。【结论】桑树材料分为六大类,揭示了桑树种质间复杂的关系。研究结果可为桑树分子标记数据库的完善、种质资源的鉴定和分子辅助选育提供了科学依据。
Abstract
Abstract: 【Objective】By developing species-specific molecular markers for mulberry, we systematically dissected the genetic diversity of mulberry germplasm resources. This approach would provide a solid foundation for accurate germplasm identification, analysis of genetic relationships, and selection of core germplasm collections. Ultimately, it facilitates the efficient utilization of breeding materials, supports germplasm innovation, and thus accelerates the development of elite mulberry varieties. 【Methods】In this study, 46 mulberry germplasm resources were used as test materials, and Indel primers were designed and screened based on mulberry genome resequencing data. The InDel-PCR reaction system was optimized via single-factor and orthogonal experiments to ensure the accuracy of PCR results. Subsequently, genetic diversity analysis was conducted on the test materials using the optimized system and the selected primers. The experimental procedure involved collecting 46 representative mulberry germplasm resources, extracting genomic DNA, and performing genome resequencing. Indel primers were designed from resequencing data. Single-factor experiments were conducted to explore the optimal concentration ranges of PCR components: (Buffer with Mg 2+, dNTPs, primers, Taq DNA polymerase, template, and ddH 2O. Orthogonal experiments were then performed to determine the optimal combination of these components. Finally, the optimized reaction system and polymorphic primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of 46 mulberry germplasm resources, which enabled genetic diversity analysis based on the amplification results. 【Results】The final optimal InDel-PCR reaction system was determined to consist of 2.0 μL of Buffer (containing Mg 2+), 0.4 μL of dNTPs, 0.8 μL each of upstream and downstream primers (10 μmol · μL -1), 0.25 μL of Taq DNA polymerase, 1 μL of DNA (50 ng·μL -1), and 14.75 μL of ddH 2O. The amplification program was set as follows: initial pre-denaturation at 95 ℃ for 3 min, followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30 s, annealing at 58 ℃ for 60 s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 60 s, with a final extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min, and the reaction product was stored at 4 ℃. This reaction system and amplification protocol demonstrated good stability and repeatability, ensuring the smooth conduct of subsequent experiments. From the 42 pairs of designed primers, 17 pairs with polymorphism and clear bands were screened out. These screened primers could effectively distinguish different mulberry germplasm resources and provide reliable tools for genetic diversity analysis. Using these 17 pairs of primers, a total of 37 polymorphic loci were detected. For each locus, the observed number of alleles ( Na) was 2.0, the effective number of alleles ( Ne) averaged 1.524, and Shannon's information index ( I) ranged from 0.112 5 to 0.692 0, with an average of 0.470 1. Nei's genetic diversity ( h) ranged between 0.023 7 and 0.499 7, with an average of 0.374 1, and the average observed heterozygosity ( Ho) and expected heterozygosity ( He) were 0 and 0.308 8, respectively. These data indicated that the tested mulberry germplasm resources exhibited rich genetic diversity, providing a solid genetic foundation for germplasm innovation and variety improvement. 【Conclusion】Using the optimized InDel-PCR reaction system for Morus (mulberry trees) and the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analysis, the tested mulberry materials were classified into six major groups. The results revealed the complex geographic genetic relationships among different mulberry germplasm resources. These research findings can provide a scientific basis for improving the mulberry molecular marker database, identifying mulberry germplasm resources, and conducting molecular-assisted breeding for mulberry.
关键词
Key words
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李佳奇,沈子靖,史建国,王富刚,李泽坤,杨东升,常志颖,马尔萌.
桑树InDel分子标记体系优化及遗传多样性分析[J].
果树学报, 2026, 43(8): 2035-2051 DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20250469
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基金资助
陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(23JS069)
陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2024JC-YBQN0224)
陕西省科技创新团队项目(2025RS-CXTD-038)
陕西林业科技创新重点专项(SXLK2023-02-36)
榆林市科技计划项目(2024-CXY-131)
榆林学院博士科研启动基金项目(2023GK11)