叶枯病抗性与易感李品种植株根际土壤微生物群落结构比较

Comparative analysis of rhizosphere microbial community structure in leaf blight-resistant and -susceptible plum cultivars

摘要

【目的】揭示李树叶枯病抗性差异的根际微生物学机制，为李树叶枯病生态防控及拮抗微生物筛选提供理论依据。【方法】以广西天峨县同一果园中抗叶枯病品种蜜黄李（TA）和易感品种珍珠李（TB）根际土壤为试材，采用高通量测序技术分析其根际细菌和真菌群落结构差异，并结合COG和FUNGuild功能注释探讨其潜在功能。【结果】TA根际细菌群落中Verrucomicrobiota门及 Bradyrhizobium、 Bacillus等优势菌属显著富集，相关功能主要涉及细胞运动、次级代谢产物合成及能量转化；真菌群落中 Trichoderma等拮抗真菌丰度较高。而TB根际以 Fusarium、 Gibberella等潜在植物病原菌为主，功能偏向病原性和植物残体分解。【结论】抗病品种蜜黄李的根际微生物群落在结构与功能上协同增强宿主抗病性，特征微生物可能在叶枯病自然抑制过程中发挥重要作用。本研究结果为李树叶枯病绿色防控提供了科学依据。

Abstract

【Objective】Plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl.), a woody plant of the Rosaceae family, is rich in organic acids, vitamins, carotenoids, proteins, and mineral elements such as iron and calcium. The Zhenzhu Li plum cultivated in Tian'e County, Guangxi, is an important local economic crop. However, leaf blight severely affects its yield and fruit quality, posing a major challenge to the sustainable development of the plum industry. Field observations revealed that the Mihuang Li cultivar exhibits strong resistance to leaf blight, whereas Zhenzhu Li is susceptible. This study aims to compare the rhizosphere microbial community compositions as well as the functional differences between the resistant (Mihuang Li, TA) and susceptible (Zhenzhu Li, TB) cultivars under the same environmental conditions, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the high disease resistance of Mihuang Li and to identify potential antagonistic microorganisms, thus providing theoretical and technical support for developing an ecological control system against plum leaf blight. 【Methods】The experiment was conducted in a Zhenzhu Li plum orchard in Tian'e County, Hechi City, Guangxi. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three healthy trees per cultivar (TA and TB) around the canopy drip line in four directions. Samples were processed for DNA extraction, and high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA (V3-V4 region) and fungal ITS regions was performed on the Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform (Majorbio Bio-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). PCR amplicons were purified, quantified, and sequenced (2 × 300 bp). Data were analyzed using QIIME for diversity metrics, PICRUSt2 for COG-based bacterial functions, FUNGuild for fungal guilds, and IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for statistical comparisons (Duncan's multiple range test, P＜0.05). 【Results】At the bacterial phylum level, the dominant phyla in the TA rhizosphere were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, with Verrucomicrobiota and WPS-2 uniquely detected in TA. In contrast, TB was dominated by Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Chloroflexi, with Bacteroidota and Methylomirabilota uniquely detected. At the genus level, TA showed higher relative abundances of Bradyrhizobium and Acidothermus, whereas TB was enriched in Arthrobacter. For fungi, TA was dominated by Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota, while Rozellomycota was uniquely detected in TB. At the genus level, Trichoderma, Apiotrichum, and Solicoccozyma were detected only in TA, whereas TB showed higher relative abundances of Fusarium, Neocosmospora, and Chordomyces. COG-based functional prediction showed that TA had higher relative abundances of functional categories related to cell motility, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and energy production and conversion, whereas TB exhibited higher abundances of categories associated with cytoskeleton formation, RNA processing, carbohydrate metabolism, and defense mechanisms. FUNGuild analysis revealed that TA rhizosphere fungi were mainly classified as saprotrophic guilds, while TB harbored a higher proportion of plant-pathogenic guilds. 【Conclusion】The rhizosphere microbial community of the resistant cultivar Mihuang Li (TA) differs significantly from that of the susceptible cultivar Zhenzhu Li (TB) in both composition and predicted function. TA harbors beneficial microorganisms such as Bradyrhizobium and Trichoderma, which exhibit strong saprotrophic activity and potential antagonism against pathogens, as well as enrichment in metabolic pathways related to energy production and secondary metabolism. These features may contribute to enhanced host resistance by maintaining rhizosphere ecological balance and suppressing pathogen colonization. In contrast, the TB rhizosphere community is dominated by potential pathogens ( Fusarium, Gibberella) and decomposers, making it more prone to disease occurrence. Overall, this study reveals the potential role of rhizosphere microbial communities in the formation of leaf blight resistance in P. salicina, providing theoretical support for the screening of antagonistic microbes and the development of microbe-based disease control strategies in plum orchards.

关键词

李树 / 叶枯病 / 根际微生物群落 / 拮抗微生物

Key words

Prunus salicina Lindl / Leaf blight / Rhizosphere microbial community / Antagonistic microorganisms

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基金资助

高山果树优异品种引进与栽培技术研究(2015JZ100)

广西天峨珍珠李试验站项目(TS202619)

广西壮族自治区农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT048)

广西壮族自治区农业科学院科技先锋队特色果树专项行动(桂农科盟202304)