极晚熟优质李新品种国色天香的选育

Breeding of Guose Tianxiang, a late-maturing and high-quality plum cultivar

摘要

国色天香李品种的选育具有重要的生产实践意义和产业创新价值。本研究针对当前中国李品种耐贮性不足以及国外李品种风味与抗寒性欠佳的产业瓶颈，通过晚熟香蕉李×秋姬的定向杂交育种，成功培育出兼具中国李浓郁风味优势与国外李高硬度耐贮特性的新品种国色天香。该品种果实硬度高达7.5 kg·cm^-2，果实货架期超过7 d，从根本上突破了传统优质李品种贮运半径小的限制；可溶性固形物含量（ w）为13.2%、风味醇厚，完美契合消费升级对果实品质的核心需求。作为极晚熟品种，其8月下旬成熟的特性有效填补了市场供应空档期。国色天香的推广将改变东北地区李产业格局，通过差异化竞争优势显著提升单位面积效益，对优化我国李品种结构、促进特色林果业高质量提质增效具有重要意义。

Abstract

The new plum variety, Guose Tianxiang, offers exceptional practical guidance and represents a pioneering milestone for the plum industry within the field of fruit tree breeding. Addressing a key bottleneck prevalent in both domestic and international plum production-namely, the generally poor storability and transport tolerance of native Chinese plum varieties, while introduced foreign varieties often lack sufficient flavor intensity and cold hardiness-the research team precisely focused on this critical pain point. They adopted a strategy of directional hybrid breeding, carefully selecting the maternal parent Wanshu Xiangjiao Li and the paternal parent Qiuji for cross-breeding. Through persistent efforts, the new plum variety Guose Tianxiang was successfully developed with superior comprehensive traits. This variety remarkably combines the inherent flavor advantages of Chinese plums with the excellent storage characteristics of foreign plums, achieving a breakthrough complementarity of key traits. In terms of commercial fruit characteristics, Guose Tianxiang plum performs exceptionally well: its fruit firmness reaches a high value of 7.5 kg·cm ^-2, significantly enhancing the fruit's resistance to compression damage; its shelf life at room temperature stably exceeds 7 days. This core characteristic of hardness fundamentally breaks through the inherent limitation of traditional high-quality plum varieties, which is prone to softening and spoilage, leading to small storage and transport radii and restricted market circulation. It lays a solid foundation for long-distance transportation and cross-regional sales of fruit. Furthermore, its soluble solids content reaches 13.2%, with a balanced sugar-acid ratio and a rich, pure flavor, perfectly meeting the core demand of consumers in the current wave of consumption upgrading for high-quality and great-tasting fresh fruits. Regarding stress resistance and adaptability, Guose Tianxiang plum also shows significant advantages: This variety exhibits strong cold resistance (with a freezing injury index of only 26). These excellent resistance characteristics greatly expand its suitable cultivation area, allowing its range to stably extend northward to the central and southern parts of Liaoning Province. Compared to ordinary plum varieties, its adaptable latitude has increased by 1-2 degrees, effectively filling the gap in high-quality plum varieties for large-scale cultivation in the cold northern regions of China. In terms of maturity period and market supply, the positioning of Guose Tianxiang plum is precise: As a very late-ripening variety, its fruits mature in late August, coinciding with the gap period when the supply of most other plum varieties on the market is nearly finished. The promotion of Guose Tianxiang will reshape the plum industry structure in Northeast China; through its differentiated competitive advantages, it can significantly improve the economic return per unit area, which is of great importance for optimizing China’s plum variety portfolio and promoting the high-quality development and efficiency enhancement of the specialty fruit industry.

关键词

李 / 新品种 / 国色天香 / 耐贮运 / 硬肉 / 极晚熟

Key words

Plum / New cultivar / Guose Tianxiang / Storage and transportation resistance / High fruit firmness / Extra-late ripening

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基金资助

学科中长期基础研究专项李杏遗传育种与栽培(2025XKJS8545)

辽宁省种质创新藏粮于技专项计划(2023JH1/10200005)

国家园艺种质熊岳李、杏分库共享服务平台(NHGRC2024-NH10)

辽宁省林业和草原局2025年度依托国家林草局科技创新平台研发项目(LLC[2025]26)

辽宁省农业科学院国际联合实验室(2025LHSYS04)