鲜食葡萄新品种园香指的选育

Breeding report of a new table grape cultivar Yuanxiangzhi

摘要

园香指是以阳光玫瑰为母本、秋铃为父本杂交培育而成的中熟鲜食葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形，平均单穗质量575 g。果粒椭圆形，着生中等紧密，自然果平均单粒质量9.5 g。经赤霉素无核、膨大处理后平均单粒质量可达12.3 g。果皮黄绿色、薄，无涩味，果粉薄，果肉脆而多汁，风味甜，具有浓郁玫瑰香味，可溶性固形物含量（ w）18%~23%。自然条件下每果粒含种子1~2粒。果梗与果粒难分离，不掉粒。品质上等。在江苏张家港地区避雨设施栽培条件下，3月下旬萌芽，5月上旬开花，7月下旬至8月上旬浆果成熟，从萌芽至浆果成熟需127~133 d，属中熟品种。该植株花芽分化容易，生长势较强，适宜在苏南以及中国相似生态区的大部分葡萄产区种植。

Abstract

Yuanxiangzhi is a new mid-ripening table grape cultivar bred by Zhangjiagang Shenyuan Grape Technology Co., Ltd., from a cross between Shine Muscat and Syurei. Our original goal was to obtain a table grape cultivar with excellent agronomic characteristics and rose-scented aroma. In 2015, we obtained a total of 471 hybrid seeds through controlled artificial pollination, from which 264 seedlings were eventually germinated. In 2016, 217 seedlings were transplanted to our research nursery. The hybrid seedlings produced their first fruit in 2018. After years of systematic observation, we selected an outstanding individual line in 2020. This selection exhibited superior performance, including yellow-green peel, sweet flavor, distinct rose-scented aroma, unique fruit shape, and notably earlier maturation compared with Shine Muscat. From 2020 to 2023, we conducted regional trials and multi-year repeated observations in Jiangsu Province (Zhangjiagang County, Guanyun County) and Yunnan Province (Jianshui County). The new plant variety was finally granted a plant patent and plant variety protection by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC in 2024, and was named Yuanxiangzhi. The tip of the new shoot was semi-open and densely covered with creeping hairs. On the abaxial surface of the young leaf, the main vein was glabrous or bore very few upright hairs, while the interveinal areas were densely pubescent with creeping hairs. The back side of new shoot internodes was green, striped with red or light red, while the ventral side was green and glabrous, lacking upright hairs. The mature leaves were pentagonal in outline, either 3-lobed or 5-lobed. They had a moderately broad petiole depression and a V-shaped base, and the petiole depression was not enclosed by leaf veins. The cluster was medium-sized and conical, with an average weight of 530-620 g. The berries are moderately densely arranged on the cluster, uniform in size, oval in shape, and had yellow-green peel. The average single berry weight was 9.5 g, and each berry contained 1-2 seeds. Its berry skin had light bloom and was thin, the fruit had no astringency, and the flesh was crisp and juicy with a rich rose aroma. The soluble solids content ranges from 18% to 23%. Yuanxiangzhi exhibited high comprehensive quality. The plant had vigorous growth potential, but its latent bud germination rate was relatively low. Its bud germination rate was recorded at 89.1%, and the fruiting branch rate at 91.5%. This cultivar was characterized by easy flower bud differentiation, averagely 1.8 inflorescences could form per fruiting branch. Overcropping could adversely affect fruit ripening time and quality. A yield of approximately 1500-2000 kg per 666.7 m ² was recommended to ensure optimal fruit quality. These branches were highly mature, so only 1 to 2 buds need to be retained during winter pruning. Under rain-shelter cultivation in southern Jiangsu Province, bud germination began in late March, flowering occurred in early May, and berries reached maturity from late July to early August. Compared with Shine Muscat, the berries of Yuanxiangzhi matured 15-25 days earlier under the same cultivation regime. This cultivar would be well adapted to cultivation in southern Jiangsu Province and most grape-producing areas of China with similar ecological conditions. Rain-shelter cultivation should be recommended for regions with high rainfall, while open-field cultivation would be suitable for cooler areas.

关键词

鲜食葡萄 / 新品种 / 园香指

Key words

Table grape / New cultivar / Yuanxiangzhi

参考文献

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基金资助

苏州市科技计划项目(SNG2023003)

苏州市2023年姑苏乡土人才项目()