泡核桃新品种宣红的选育

Breeding report of a new Juglans sigillata cultivar Xuanhong

摘要

宣红是从云南省宣威市来宾街道泡核桃实生群体中通过无性繁殖培育而成的泡核桃新品种。树形开张，树势中等，树冠圆球形；一年生枝紫红色，嫩叶紫红色，雌雄同株，雄先型，雌雄花均为红色。青果红色，表面具白色凸起斑点，近圆形，平均单果质量68.46 g，青皮厚0.73 cm。坚果近圆球形，单果质量14.03 g，壳面较光滑，缝合线略凸，壳厚1.16 mm，横膈膜明显，纸质，易取整仁或半仁。鲜种仁内种皮红色，干种仁紫红色，平均仁质量7.03 g。仁总脂肪含量（ w，后同）58.20 g·100 g^-1，总蛋白质含量15.40 g·100 g^-1，花色苷含量达1 752.6 μg·g^-1，口感佳。在宣威地区，3月中旬萌动，4月上旬雄花开放，4 d后雌花开放，果实10月中下旬成熟，11月下旬落叶。适宜在宣威市海拔1 900~2 400 m的偏北寒冷地区及我国西南生态相似区种植，湿润肥沃条件下生长更优。

Abstract

Xuanhong is a new cultivar of Juglans sigillata. It was selected from a specific individual plant within a seedling cultivation population beside Xiaotong Road, Laibin Street, Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, and cultivated through asexual reproduction. The specific mother tree was discovered in 2014 for its unique red shoots and leaves. Continuous observation starting from 2015 confirmed its stable expression of red flowers, red fruits, and red kernels. From 2018 to 2021, expanded propagation trials were conducted at multiple sites using grafting techniques, achieving success rates over 80% and 90% respectively. By 2017, after multi-year and multi-location testing, its distinct, stable and excellent traits were confirmed, and the cultivar meets all the standards for a new cultivar. It received national plant variety rights authorization (No. 20230760) in December 2023. This cultivar features an open tree shape, moderate tree vigor, and a spherical crown; its trunk is gray with deep longitudinal cracks. The annual branches are purplish red. It bears odd-pinnate compound leaves with 5-11 leaflets, and the young leaves are purplish red. It is monoecious and protandrous, with both male and female flowers being red. The fruits are green when unripe and turn red at maturity, featuring irregular white raised spots. They are nearly round and weigh 68.46 g on average. The nuts are nearly spherical and medium-sized, averaging 14.03 g. They have a relatively smooth shell surface, a slightly convex suture, and a shell thickness of 1.16 mm. The kernels are easy to extract whole or in half; the inner seed coat of a fresh kernel is red, and turns purplish red when dried. The kernels are full and plump, with an average single kernel weight of 7.03 g, and a kernel percentage of 50.10%. The kernel contains 58.20 g·100 g ^-1 crude fat, 15.40 g·100 g ^-1 crude protein, and has a high anthocyanin content of 1 752.60 μg·g ^-1. The taste is excellent. In Xuanwei, this cultivar begins to germinate in mid-March. Male flowers bloom in early April, followed by female flowers 4-7 days later. Fruits mature in mid-to-late October, and leaves fall in late November. It begins to bear fruit in the 2nd year after grafting and starts large-scale fruiting in the 3rd year, exhibiting the characteristics of early fruiting and stable yield. It is cold-resistant, has few diseases and pests, exhibits strong adaptability, and features good grafting compatibility. It is suitable for planting in cold areas at altitudes between 1900 m and 2400 m in Xuanwei City, Yunnan Province, and ecologically similar areas in Southwest China. It grows better under humid and fertile conditions. This variety can bear fruits the next year after planting and has high yield potential. For orchard establishment, slightly acidic to neutral, moist, fertile, well-drained soil is preferred. Dig planting pits sized 100 cm × 100 cm × 60-80 cm in advance and amend the soil with sufficient organic fertilizer. Propagation is done by grafting scions onto Juglans sigillata rootstock. Planting is recommended in late winter, or before the rainy season ends in drier regions. Post-planting management practices include staking, providing sufficient irrigation, applying soil mulch, and carrying out timely shaping and pruning for trees that exceed 1.5 m in height; intercropping is also recommended during the juvenile growth stage. Herbicide application should be kept to a minimum in young plantations.

关键词

泡核桃 / 新品种 / 宣红 / 红叶 / 红梢 / 红花 / 红果 / 红仁

Key words

Juglans sigillata / New cultivar / Xuanhong / Red leaves / Red shoots / Red flowers / Red fruits / Red kernels

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基金资助

云南省重大科技专项计划“山地雨养型坚果高光效栽培关键技术研究”()

核桃产业国家创新联盟（NAWI）()