碳布基底超级电容器电极材料聚苯胺@硅氧烯的制备及其性能优化

Preparation and performance optimization of PANI@SiXNS as electrode material of supercapacitor with carbon cloth substrate

摘要

二维纳米材料因其独特的原子结构以及片层尺寸效应,在超级电容器领域被广泛应用。硅氧烯(SiXNS)作为一种二维硅基材料,其二维纳米结构的独特优势使其具有高比表面积和离子传输途径。由于表面存在大量含氧官能团,SiXNS离子扩散缓慢,电导率较低,这限制了其电化学性能的提升。基于此,以碳布为基底,将导电高分子材料聚苯胺(PANI)与SiXNS复合作为超级电容器的电极材料来优化SiXNS电极材料的导电性和储能能力,从而提高器件的电化学性能。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对电极材料的形貌和结构进行表征,并对制备的样品进行电化学性能测试。试验结果表明,聚苯胺能很好地附着在SiXNS表面,PANI@SiXNS电极的电化学性能明显优于PANI、SiXNS电极,PANI@SiXNS电极在1 A/g测试速率下的比电容为540.37 F/g,在电流密度为5 A/g条件下循环测试1 000圈后的比电容仍保持初始的99%。

Abstract

Two dimensional nanomaterials are widely used in the field of supercapacitors due to their unique atomic structure and layer size effect. Siloxene (SiXNS), as a two-dimensional silicon-based material, its unique advantages of the two-dimensional nanostructure make it have a high specific surface area and ion transport pathway. However, due to the presence of a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface, its ion diffusion is slow and its conductivity is low, which limits its electrochemical performance. Based on this, we use flexible carbon cloth as the substrate and composite conductive polymer material polyaniline (PANI) with SiXNS as the electrode material for flexible supercapacitors to optimize the conductivity and energy storage capacity of SiXNS electrode materials, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the device. The morphology and structure of the electrode material were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffractometer, and scanning electron microscopy, and the electrochemical performance of the prepared samples was tested. The experimental results show that PANI can adhere well to the surface of SiXNS, and the electrochemical performance of PANI@SiXNS electrode is significantly better than that of PANI and SiXNS electrodes. The specific capacitance of PANI@SiXNS electrode is 540.37 F/g at a testing rate of 1 A/g, and the specific capacitance remains at the initial 99% after 1 000 cycles under a current density of 5 A/g.

关键词

超级电容器 / 电极材料 / 聚苯胺 / 硅氧烯 / 电化学

Key words

flexible supercapacitor / electrode material / polyaniline / siloxene / electrochemistry

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基金资助

福建省中青年教师教育科研重点项目 (科技类)(JZ230038)

泉州师范学院科技计划项目(H23067)