控温织物及服装的研究进展及应用现状

Research progress and applications of thermo-regulation fabrics and garments

摘要

控温织物及服装作为调节人体微环境温度的功能性装备,在应对气候变化、保障极端环境作业安全、提升运动热舒适性及医疗健康等领域具有重要意义。在介绍控温织物及服装的种类及其材料特性的基础上,聚焦控温织物及服装的技术原理,重点从被动控温技术(相变控温技术、辐射制冷技术、透湿织物技术、凉感织物技术)和主动控温技术(热电控温技术、电卡控温技术、扭热制冷技术)两个维度,深入分析当前控温织物及服装的研究进展。进一步介绍相变控温、辐射制冷与热电控温等关键技术在户外运动、极端环境作业及医疗健康等领域的典型应用。在此基础上,探讨并展望了控温织物及服装未来的发展方向,包括材料体系的优化选择、织物与服装结构的创新设计、智能化个人热管理系统的构建,以及在高温环境中性能评价的关键技术指标。

Abstract

As functional equipment for regulating the human body’s microclimate, thermo-regulation fabrics and garments play a critical role in addressing climate change, ensuring safety in extreme environments, enhancing thermal comfort during physical activities, and supporting medical and health-related applications. This paper provides an overview of the categories of thermo-regulation fabrics and garments and their material characteristics, and further focuses on the underlying technical principles. Specifically, it analyzes the current research progress from two perspectives: passive thermoregulation technologies-including phase change materials (PCMs), radiative cooling, moisture-permeable fabrics, and cool-touch textiles-and active thermoregulation technologies, such as thermoelectric cooling, electrocaloric cooling, and twistocaloric cooling. Furthermore, the typical applications of key technologies-such as phase change-based thermoregulation, radiative cooling, and thermoelectric regulation-are introduced in the contexts of outdoor sports, extreme environment operations, and medical and healthcare fields. Based on these insights, the paper further discusses and anticipates future development directions of thermo-regulation fabrics and garments, including the optimization of material systems, innovative design of fabric and garment structures, the construction of intelligent personal thermal management systems, and the identification of key performance indicators for evaluation under high-temperature conditions.

关键词

控温织物及服装 / 相变材料 / 辐射制冷 / 凉感织物 / 珀耳帖效应 / 电卡控温技术 / 扭热制冷技术

Key words

temperature-regulating fabrics and clothing / phase change materials / radiative cooling / cooling fabrics / Peltier effect / electrocaloric temperature regulation / twistocaloric cooling technology

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基金资助

南方电网公司科研项目资助(GDKJXM20231512)