3D打印纤维增强复合材料的研究进展

Recent development of 3D printing fiber reinforced composites

摘要

纤维增强复合材料(FRCs)受传统制造工艺的技术限制,难以被加工出复杂的结构。近年来3D打印复合材料复杂结构的技术逐渐受到关注。本文综述了立体光固化成型技术(SLA)、选择性激光烧结(SLS)、熔融沉积成型(FDM)三类3D打印技术,并以FDM为例讨论了打印温度、速度、层厚对力学性能的影响,阐述了3D打印在纤维增强热塑性与热固性复合材料方面的应用,总结了FRCs在航空航天、汽车制造、体育器材、医疗领域行业的应用现状,指出了目前3D打印FRCs应用中存在的问题和可能的解决方案,并展望了FRCs智能化、绿色化的发展趋势。

Abstract

Fiber reinforced composites (FRCs) have long been constrained by the technical limitations of conventional manufacturing processes, making it challenging to fabricate complex structural configurations. In recent years, the technology of 3D printing complex structures of composite materials has gradually attracted attention. This paper provides a comprehensive review of three major 3D printing techniques-stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), and fused deposition modeling (FDM). Using FDM as a representative example, the effects of printing temperature, speed, and layer thickness on mechanical properties are examined. The applications of 3D printing in both thermoplastic and thermoset fiber-reinforced composites are elaborated. Furthermore, the current utilization status of FRCs in sectors such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, sports equipment, and medical devices is summarized. Existing challenges in the application of 3D printed FRCs are identified along with potential solutions, and future prospects for the intelligent and sustainable development of FRCs are outlined.

关键词

纤维增强复合材料 / 3D打印 / 工艺参数 / 复杂结构 / 快速成型

Key words

fiber reinforced composite / 3D printing / process parameter / complex structure / rapid prototyping

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52073049)

载人空间站工程空间科学与应用项目(KJZ-YY-NJS0601)

东华大学2025年学科创新领域培育项目(xkcx-202521)