CO₂氛围下 Mg 对 nAl 着火及燃烧过程的影响

摘要

铝(Al)和镁(Mg)是目前应用最广泛的航空发动机固体推进剂。然而,Al在空气中燃烧时很容易形成氧化铝(Al₂O₃),并在颗粒表面形成薄膜,严重阻碍燃料颗粒与氧化剂的混合,导致燃烧不完全。原位资源利用(In-situ resource utilization,ISRU)被认为是太空探索计划所需的关键技术,充分利用火星大气中丰富的CO₂作为航空发动机动力能源,对降低深空探索成本具有重大意义。为此,通过热重分析(TGA)和燃烧实验,对CO₂氛围下Mg掺混纳米铝(nAl)混合样品的热增重过程和燃烧过程进行实验,并结合X射线衍射技术、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对燃烧产物的微观形貌及晶体结构进行分析,探究Mg对nAl燃烧行为的调控机制。研究结果表明:nAl与Mg单独燃烧时表现出显著差异,掺混质量分数内20 %~30 %的Mg可显著改善nAl的着火性能,使其着火延迟时间缩短47.88%,燃烧持续时间提升51.47%。然而,Mg的掺混对nAl的缓慢氧化过程无明显促进作用,仅在800~860 ℃范围内且Mg的掺混比例大于30 %时才表现出微弱协同效应,其他条件下则呈现相互抑制作用。此外,燃烧产物的团聚现象未因Mg的掺混而改善,表明Mg对nAl燃烧行为的调控作用具有局限性。

关键词

纳米铝 / Mg / CO₂氛围 / 掺混燃烧

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划“火电行业率先碳达峰关键技术标准研究”(2021YFF0601004)

贵州省科技厅科学技术基金“低热值煤层气掺混二甲醚扩散燃烧特性及其互换性研究”(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般280)