To address the suboptimality and error propagation issues of traditional cascaded processing in protocol fault-tolerant reception under high bit error rates, a cross-layer fault-tolerant joint estimation method for link-layer frame delineation and network-layer protocol identification is proposed. By exploiting the natural redundancy of data packet length common to both frame delineation and protocol identification, a unified joint natural redundancy decoding model is established, and the theoretically optimal solution is derived based on the MAP criterion. To reduce computational complexity, a fast algorithm based on the top-k criterion is designed according to the principle of maximizing potential likelihood, effectively controlling the search space. Simulation results on common satellite protocol stacks and public datasets show that, when the bit error rate is 0.1, compared with those of the traditional scheme, the frame delimitation error is reduced by approximately 30%, and the protocol identification error rate is reduced by nearly an order of magnitude through the proposed method, significantly enhancing fault-tolerant recovery capability of the the system under high error rates environments with acceptable computational overhead.
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