To address eavesdropping threats in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay networks under Rayleigh fading channels, a cross-domain UAV collaboration system integrated with half-duplex cooperative jamming nodes is constructed, and a physical layer security performance analysis method of cross-domain UAV collaboration is proposed. By jointly optimizing relay information forwarding and jamming transmission, the optimal transmission path is dynamically selected based on the criterion of maximizing the link signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), thereby the channel quality difference between legitimate and eavesdropping links are expanded in the cross-domain dimension. On this basis, selection combining (SC) and maximum ratio combining (MRC) diversity techniques are adopted, and closed-form expressions for the system outage probability and intercept probability are derived, to evaluate comprehensively the system performance from both reliability and security dimensions. Simulation results show that the addition of the number of relay nodes with MRC technology can reduce the outage probability by approximately one order of magnitude. The deployment of the cooperative jamming nodes effectively suppresses eavesdropping, with the intercept probability decreasing by up to 80% when the number of jamming nodes reaches 10. The results verify the significant improvement in the security-reliability trade-off performance achieved by the proposed scheme.
在无线中继与物理层安全技术融合方面,现有研究围绕可信与不可信环境下的源节点、中继及目的节点,结合波束赋形、信道编码、协作干扰与密钥协商等手段,设计多种抗窃听传输方案,在保障合法通信质量的同时,防止窃听节点获取有效信息,从而提升不可信场景中的网络安全性。以抗窃听与低截获为目标的无线中继物理层安全技术已成为前沿热点,引起广泛研究关注[1-2]。文献[3]针对多窃听节点协作场景,提出了最优中继选择机制,分析了直连链路与中继链路共存条件下系统的中断概率与截获概率性能。文献[4]面向星地链路面临的潜在窃听威胁,采用协同干扰波束成形技术以改善链路中断性能。文献[5]则利用源节点间信息互干扰降低窃听信噪比,结合功率分割与时间切换策略,优化了双向中继网络的通信容量。文献[6]在不可信中继环境下,借助多目的节点多址接入方式,推导出闭式中断概率表达式,从而提升系统接收可靠性与吞吐量。文献[7]提出一种基于非正交多址接入的辅助干扰中继方案,通过波束成形与速率调控增强对不可信中继的混淆效果,进一步推导了遍历和速率下界及其渐近表达式,为系统性能评估提供理论依据。文献[8]研究了半双工无线携能中继系统,引入多协作干扰节点,分别针对静态与动态功率分流策略,推导了中断概率与截获概率的闭式解,并系统完成了安全—可靠性之间的折衷分析。文献[9]面向多无人机窃听协作场景,结合最大比合并(Maximum Ratio Combining, MRC),综合考虑回程可靠性、窃听概率与信道衰落等因素,推导了系统中断概率的闭式表达式。文献[10]进一步对泊松分布窃听者模型下的系统中断概率与平均传输速率进行了仿真分析。文献[11]设计了多无人机辅助中继与干扰协同方案,结合三维天线模型与随机几何理论,推导了空对地信道下系统中断概率的闭式解。文献[12]联合优化无人机功率分配与部署位置,利用多天线波束成形与二阶锥规划方法,最大化系统安全传输速率。文献[13]在携能中继网络中提出两种混合中继策略,结合MRC技术,分别推导了合法链路与窃听链路的中断概率与截获概率表达式。总体而言,尽管无线中继物理层安全研究已取得显著进展,面向跨域协同与异构组网等复杂场景的安全传输机制仍亟待深入探索。
本模型假设系统能够通过前述机制获得窃听链路大尺度衰落的统计信道状态信息,而且源节点、目的节点、中继节点以及干扰节点相互之间的信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)已知,无人机中继节点与地面固定节点构成空地异构链路,基于此进行协作干扰的功率分配与调度,使得本文聚焦于评估所提方案在理想条件下的性能上界[14-15]。
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