To address the issue of high computational complexity in joint multi-parameter estimation for linear polarization-sensitive arrays, an ESPRIT-based algorithm is proposed for the joint estimation of two-dimensional direction of arrival (DOA) and polarization parameters. First, a uniform linear array (ULA) model composed of polarization-sensitive arrays is constructed. By performing eigenvalue decomposition on the covariance matrix of the received data, the signal subspace is divided into five sub-arrays. Based on the rotational invariance property, elevation angles are then obtained in closed form using the phase differences from two of the sub-arrays, while azimuth angles are derived directly from the phase differences of the ratios among the other three sub-arrays. Independent estimation of directional parameters is thereby achvieved. Finally, closed-form estimation of the polarization parameters is achieved. Traditional multi-dimensional spectral-peak searches and iterative operations are avoided by using the algorithm, which significantly reduces the computational load and ensures real-time performance. Experimental results show that the estimation accuracies of all parameters are higher by using the proposed algorithm than those of the reduced-dimension MUSIC algorithm and the Ratio-ESPRIT algorithm except that of the polarization amplitude angle, while its computational efficiency is significantly superior to that of the reduced-dimension MUSIC algorithm.
波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计是阵列信号处理领域的核心问题,在雷达目标跟踪、无线通信波束成形及电子侦察等场景中具有重要应用价值[1-4]。随着电磁环境的日益复杂,电磁干扰技术的不断发展,标量阵列因信息维度有限往往易受多径效应、极化干扰等因素的影响,导致分辨力下降和估计误差增大[5-6]。极化敏感阵列作为一种新型阵列结构,通过将极化信息与空域信息融合,具有较强的空域滤波能力和参数估计性能。目前,极化敏感阵列已广泛应用于通信、无线电和导航领域[7-8]。
得益于极化敏感阵列的优异性能,一些基于传统标量阵列的DOA估计算法已经应用到极化敏感阵列,衍生出许多DOA与极化参数联合估计的算法[9-12]。例如,文献[13]基于正交偶极子设计了极化多重信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification, MUSIC)算法;文献[14]基于极化敏感阵列提出了牛顿迭代法的四维联合参数快速估计算法。除了方阵,基于稀疏拉伸式的L型阵列也有良好的参数估计性能[15],提高了阵列孔径。这些算法均是针对面阵设计的DOA估计优化算法。但在现代电子战中,此类面阵依赖特定孔径大小和阵元数量来保证角度估计精度,成本和复杂度较高,需要较大资源代价才能获取二维DOA信息,而全极化敏感矢量传感器的一维排布方式将会有更高的灵活性,可显著简化系统。
极化敏感线阵的一维拓扑性导致其获取空间参数维度有限,传统的正交偶极子阵列无法实现二维DOA估计。例如,Wang等[16]利用旋转不变子空间(Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques, ESPRIT)算法设计了均匀线阵的DOA和频率联合估计算法;Zhang等[17]改进了MUSIC算法,通过降维减小复杂度,实现一维DOA与极化参数的联合估计;为避免谱峰搜索,文献[18]提出的模值约束Root-MUSIC算法进一步降低了计算复杂度;为了提高阵列虚拟孔径数量,文献[19]提出了互质极化敏感阵列的降维快速估计算法。Lan等[20]将降维MUSIC(Reduced-Dimension MUSIC, RD-MUSIC)算法应用到一维极化敏感线阵中,虽改进了传统的四维搜索方法,但其二维搜索带来的复杂度依然很高。尽管这些算法采用的均为极化敏感线阵,但无法同时满足二维DOA信息获取与低复杂度的要求。
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