To address the limitations of existing location prediction methods in geographic semantic fusion and users’ geographic preference modeling, a graph attention network method for location prediction enhanced by a geographic knowledge graph is proposed. A hierarchical geographic knowledge graph with multi-source geographical data is constructed to map users, points of interest, and multi-granularity geographic entities into a unified semantic space. On this basis, a spatial and relation-aware graph attention network together with a spatiotemporal-aware sequential encoder is employed to model users’global geographic preferences and local spatiotemporal transition patterns, respectively. Experiments on the Foursquare-NYC and Foursquare-TKY datasets show that the mean reciprocal rank(MRR) of the proposed method are improved by 19.52% and 4.10%, respectively, compared with those of the strongest baseline. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of next location prediction.
随着移动互联网和定位技术的发展与普及,基于位置的社交网络(Location-Based Social Networks, LBSN)深入人们的生活之中。用户通过签到分享活动轨迹,产生大量时空行为数据。研究表明,人类轨迹具有较高可预测性,这为用户未来位置预测提供了重要基础[1]。通过对用户历史签到序列进行分析与建模,预测其下一访问位置,在交通规划、个性化推荐等领域具有重要研究价值。
基于图的方法通过构建全局图结构来挖掘更丰富的关联关系。如利用混合超图卷积网络挖掘用户和兴趣点(Point of Interest, POI)的局部及全局交互[11]。为克服静态图的局限性,引入自适应图学习,通过端到端优化图结构以更精确地建模地理依赖[12]。进一步地,通过构建多个自适应图并结合对比学习,可以增强POI表示的多样性以捕获不同类型的依赖关系[13]。与此同时,知识图谱因具有多实体、多关系和强语义表达能力[14],被引入位置预测任务,用于增强稀疏轨迹下的用户与POI表示。李佳等[15]通过构建融合多源地理信息的知识图谱,增强稀疏轨迹的向量表示。Rao等[16]通过时空知识图谱,基于知识图谱嵌入表示构建POI图,并集成到序列模型中,从而捕捉POI转移模式。
针对上述问题,本文提出一种融合地理知识图谱和图注意力网络的位置预测算法(Location Prediction Based on Geographic Knowledge Graph and Graph Attention Network, GeoKGAT)。首先,整合多源地理数据与用户签到信息,构建层次化地理知识图谱,将用户、POI及多粒度地理实体纳入统一语义空间,并通过知识表示学习获得结构化地理语义表征。其次,设计空间与关系感知图注意力网络,在知识图谱上聚合高阶地理语义关联与空间邻近信息,建模用户的全局地理偏好。最后,引入时空感知序列编码器,对融合全局地理语义的签到序列进行建模,捕捉用户局部时空转移模式和短期动态偏好。在公开数据集上的实验结果表明,GeoKGAT在位置预测任务上优于多种代表性基线方法,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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