To address the issue of insufficient coupling between task allocation and path planning in heterogeneous multi-UAV cooperative detection, which hinders the achievement of global optimal efficiency, a two-stage multi-objective collaborative optimization method is proposed. Firstly, a two-stage cooperative optimization architecture featuring a bidirectional feedback mechanism is designed to achieve collaborative iterative optimization between task allocation and path planning. Subsequently, for the task allocation stage, an enhanced non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (E-NSGA-II) is developed by integrating sector-based initialization with simulated-annealing-driven fine-tuning. Finally, an enhanced multi-objective A* algorithm (E-MOA*) is proposed for the path planning stage. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively generates a Pareto front with uniform distribution and superior convergence under multiple heterogeneous constraints, exhibiting outstanding performance in terms of solution quality, front distribution, and convergence stability.
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