Aiming at the problems of network element link surge, signaling scale expansion, and real-time state evaluation difficulties in the process of 5G core network transformation to cloud and hierarchical decoupling, a resilience evaluation method and modeling framework based on stochastic colored Petri nets is proposed. The proposed model targets typical 5G core network scenarios. By introducing colored tokens to distinguish different service flows and incorporating stochastic transitions to simulate network function processing delays and failure‑recovery processes, it enables fine-grained modeling of the system’s dynamic behavior under attack and load conditions. On this basis, a resilience index system including recovery efficiency, business completion rate, service function chain (SFC) availability and invulnerability is constructed to comprehensively quantify the service continuity, reliability and recovery ability of the system under disturbance. Experimental results show that the model can effectively capture the resilience changes of the core network under attack and load, and identify the bottleneck network elements. After the bottleneck network element is expanded, the system request completion rate is increased by 2.4 percentage points, the availability rate is increased by 5.24 percentage points, and the invulnerability and recovery efficiency reach their optimal values. This method provides a unified dynamic modeling framework for the resilience evaluation of 5G core networks, expands the application scope of Petri nets in the field of network reliability, and provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for network planning and resource scheduling.
1)用户注册SFC。实现用户终端接入5G网络的身份认证与签约数据校验,节点序列为“接入与移动性管理功能(Access and Mobility Management Function, AMF)→鉴权服务功能(Authentication Server Function, AUSF)→统一数据管理(Unified Data Management, UDM)”。其中,AMF负责接收用户接入请求,并通知AUSF初步验证终端合法性,UDM查询用户签约数据(如服务权限)。由于用户注册是所有后续业务的前提,其请求频率相对较高(相对权重为0.2)。
3)策略更新SFC。用于动态调整用户服务策略(如带宽调整、计费规则更新),节点序列为“策略控制功能(Policy Control Function, PCF)→UDM→SMF”。PCF发起策略变更指令,UDM更新用户签约数据中的策略参数,SMF将新策略应用于用户会话。由于策略更新属于周期性低频次操作,请求频率最低(相对权重为0.1)。
图1展示了5G核心业务流程并揭示了网络功能虚拟化(Network Function Virtualization, NFV)的演进方向——即5G核心网不再部署在专用硬件上,而是以微服务(Pod)的形式运行在Kubernetes容器云之上,并借助服务网格实现灵活的业务链编排,从而实现弹性扩缩容和敏捷运维。
面对5G核心网的大规模节点与复杂交互特性,传统的扁平式单层Petri网模型面临着状态空间急剧膨胀和模型结构不可读的挑战。为此,本文引入分层Petri网(Hierarchical Petri Nets, HPN)框架,旨在解决以下两个问题。1)降低系统复杂度,便于扩展管理,将5G网络抽象为“网络级”与“网元级”两个层次。顶层网仅描述SFC的路由跳转与拓扑连接,屏蔽了网元内部细节;底层网专注于描述单个网元内的排队、处理与故障恢复机制,使得模型在保持精度的同时,显著降低构建与维护的复杂度。2)支持模块化与动态扩容,当评估网元扩容场景时,模型仅需在顶层增加模块实例,而无需重构底层逻辑。
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