江西上湖旧石器遗址沉积地层记录的环境演化及古人类行为适应研究*

贾雅娜; 李三灵; 赵文杰; 朱艳; 刘翀昊; 涂华; 李浩; 张玉柱

doi:10.7605/gdlxb.2025.01.004

古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1) : 153 -166. DOI: 10.7605/gdlxb.2025.01.004

古今地理环境与人类文明

江西上湖旧石器遗址沉积地层记录的环境演化及古人类行为适应研究^*

贾雅娜 ¹^,²^,³ ,
李三灵 ⁴ ,
赵文杰 ⁵ ,
朱艳 ¹ ,
刘翀昊 ¹ ,
涂华 ⁶ ,
李浩 ⁷ ,
张玉柱 ¹

作者信息 +

1 西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安 710127

2 中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,陕西西安 710061

3 西安交通大学全球环境变化研究院,陕西西安 710049

4 河南大学历史文化学院,河南开封 475001

5 江西省文物考古研究院,江西南昌 330095

6 汕头大学海洋科学研究院,广东汕头 515063

7 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京 100101

通讯作者:

通讯作者简介 张玉柱,男,1987年生,教授,博士生导师,长期从事环境变迁与自然灾害研究。E-mail: xbdzyz05@nwu.edu.cn。

作者简介:

第一作者简介 贾雅娜,女,1996年生,博士研究生,主要从事环境变迁与自然灾害研究。E-mail: nayajia@126.com。

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Environmental evolution and hominin behavior adaptation of Shanghu Paleolithic site,Jiangxi Province

Ya'na JIA ¹^,²^,³ ,
Sanling LI ⁴ ,
Wenjie ZHAO ⁵ ,
Yan ZHU ¹ ,
Chonghao LIU ¹ ,
Hua TU ⁶ ,
Hao LI ⁷ ,
Yuzhu ZHANG ¹

Author information +

1 Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China

2 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China

3 Institute of Global Environmental Change,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China

4 School of History and Culture,Henan University,Henan Kaifeng 475001, China

5 Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology,Nanchang 330095,China

6 Institute of Marine Science,Shantou University,Guangdong Shantou 515063, China

7 State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources,Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101, China

About the corresponding author ZHANG Yuzhu,born in 1987,a professor,doctoral supervisor,is engaged in environmental change and natural disaster research. E-mail: xbdzyz05@nwu.edu.cn.

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文章历史 +

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摘要

探究遗址沉积过程与古环境背景对于全面了解古人类生存行为信息具有重要意义。江西上湖遗址是中国南方地区新近发掘的一处旧石器时代旷野遗址,遗址均质红土B层中出土了丰富的石制品,表现出小型化特点,年代始于距今约 2.6万年前。本研究对上湖旧石器遗址沉积地层开展了野外考察和室内土壤微形态、磁化率、粒度和地球化学元素分析,同时对出土的石制品进行了考古埋藏学分析。地学和考古学方法二者相互印证,明确揭示出该遗址区均质红土B层仅受到了低能坡面流水作用,保存了较为完整的古人类技术行为信息。推测古人类在MIS2阶段频繁占据和使用上湖遗址等区域,可能与拥有小型石片石器技术的华北地区人群难以忍受该时段北方极端寒冷干燥的气候条件被迫向南迁徙、从而到达了气候相对干凉的长江中下游地区进行生产活动有关。并且上湖遗址古人类采取了偏后勤式流动策略,以应对异常极端气候带来的资源分布不均和可预测性降低等风险。

Abstract

Understanding the depositional process and paleoenvironment of the archaeological site is crucial for comprehending ancient human technology behavior. The Shanghu site,an open-air Paleolithic site,was newly discovered in southern China. Abundant stone artifacts,characterized by miniaturization,were unearthed from the homogeneous red soil B layer,dated to approximately 26 000 years ago. Integrated field investigation,micromorphology,magnetic susceptibility,grain size,geochemistry and archaeological taphonomy were comprehensively conducted. Our findings reveal that the homogeneous red soil B layer was primarily influenced by low-energy slope water processes,which allowed for the preservation of relatively intact records of ancient human technological behavior. The Shanghu site was frequently occupied by ancient humans during the MIS2 period. This may be related to the fact that ancient humans in North China with small flake tool industry were unable to withstand the extremely cold-dry climate,and were compelled to migrate southward,eventually arriving in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River where the climate was relatively dry and cool. Moreover,ancient humans adopted a logistical mobility strategy to cope with the risks of uneven distribution and reduced predictability of resources caused by the extreme climate.