基于测井曲线重构和地震波阻抗反演的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探技术*
王雷 , 祖淯文 , 邸立伟 , 杨敏芳 , 边晓 , 凌紫玉 , 邵龙义 , 鲁静
古地理学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3) : 777 -784.
基于测井曲线重构和地震波阻抗反演的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探技术*
Fine exploration technology of critical metals in coal measures based on well logging curve reconstruction and seismic impedance inversion
云南东部和贵州西部(滇东—黔西)地区上二叠统龙潭组煤系底部,赋存着累计厚度达数米、以高自然伽马(GR)异常为特征的Nb-Zr-REY-Ga型关键金属矿层(简称矿层)。利用地震工作手段及传统波阻抗反演,可有效地区分砂岩和泥岩,但受限于波阻抗差异微小却无法识别矿层。为了构建对该矿层的精细地球物理勘探技术,论文基于测井和地震数据,以该矿层中镓(Ga)元素为例(临界工业品位50μg/g时自然伽马值>2.0 API),利用信息统计加权方法和矿层自然伽马数据重构了纵波速度曲线,使计算后得到的波阻抗曲线矿层信号增强了约120%,并将矿层约束在大于16 000 g/cm3·m/s的重构后波阻抗数值范围内,解决了利用波阻抗曲线识别关键金属矿层的技术难题。在利用重构波阻抗数据反演的地震剖面上,矿层边界清晰、横向可追索性好。经钻井验证,地震反演预测的矿层厚度误差介于-18.1%~16.7%之间。说明利用重构后波阻抗数据进行地震反演可以有效识别和追踪矿层,达到了对矿层精细探测的目的。该技术方法对有测井异常的煤系关键金属矿层精细勘探具有较好的应用价值和前景。
At the bottom of the Upper Permian Longtan coal measures in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou,there is a Nb-Zr-REY-Ga type cirtical metal ore layer with a cumulative thickness of several meters and characterized by natural gamma positive anomalies. By means of seismic work and traditional wave impedance inversion,sandstone and mudstone can be effectively distinguished,but limited by the small difference of wave impedance,the ore layer can not be identified. In order to construct a fine geophysical exploration technology for the ore layer,based on logging and seismic data,this paper takes gallium(Ga)element in the ore layer as an example(gamma value>2.0 API when the critical industrial grade is 50 μg/g),and uses the information statistical weighting method and the natural gamma data of the ore layer to reconstruct the longitudinal wave velocity curve,so that the calculated wave impedance curve of the ore layer signal is enhanced by about 120%,and the ore layer is constrained within the reconstructed wave impedance value range of >16 000 g/cm3·m/s,which solves the technical problem of identifying key metal ore layers by using wave impedance curve. On the seismic section inverted by the reconstructed wave impedance data,the boundary of the ore layer is clear and the lateral traceability is good. Through drilling verification,the average error of the thickness of the ore layer predicted by seismic inversion is 17.6%. It shows that the seismic inversion using the reconstructed wave impedance data can effectively identify and track the ore layer,and achieve the purpose of fine detection of the ore layer. This technical method has good application value and prospect for fine exploration of cirtical metal ore layers in coal measures with abnormal logging.
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*国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2902000)
国家自然科学基金项目(42172196)
国家自然科学基金项目(41772161)
柳江盆地地质遗迹保护项目(Z1303002403442001)
中国矿业大学(北京)大学生创新训练项目(202402027)
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