陆相层序地层构型与沉积模拟研究现状及进展^*

Current status and progress in nonmarine sequence architecture and sedimentary modelling

摘要

层序地层学作为一种新的盆地分析方法,受到广大地质学家的重视,尤其是陆相层序构型与数值模拟研究已成为一个国际性热门方向。文中总结了陆相层序构型在国内外的研究进展,介绍了国外近年来的“下游控制区”和“上游控制区”概念以及层序构型特征,“下游控制区”发育依赖于相对海(湖)平面变化的“低位正常海(湖)退”、“海(湖)侵”、“高位正常海(湖)退”和“下降阶段”体系域,“上游控制区”发育不依赖相对海(湖)平面变化的高河道合并体系域和低河道合并体系域。国内层序构型研究也有多种观点,最有代表性的应该是“L型、T型、TH型、H型(E-H型和L-H型)”层序构型的划分。陆相层序模拟已经从水槽物理实验为主发展到当今以数值模拟及水槽实验并举的时代。在介绍层序数值模拟发展史、国内外研究现状的基础上,重点介绍了SEDPAK正演化模拟、SEDSIM正演数值模拟、基于Delft3D模型的三维正演模拟、DIONISOS的三维正演模拟及基于N-S方程的层序数值模拟等5种数值模拟方法,总结了陆相湖盆层序构型及数值模拟在油气勘探开发领域的应用情况,分析了目前存在的理论问题、数值模拟技术难点及数值模拟未来的发展方向。

Abstract

Sequence stratigraphy,as a new method for basin analysis,has received great attention from geologists,especially in the study of continental sequence architecture and numerical modelling,which has become an international hot topic. This article summarizes the current research progress of nonmarine sequence architecture at home and abroad,introduces the concepts of “downstream-controlled area” and “upstream-controlled area” and their respective sequence architecture characteristics in recent years abroad. The sequence architecture of “downstream-controlled area” depends on relative sea (lake)level changes,and the “lowstand normal regression”,“transgressive”,“highstand normal regression” and “falling stage” systems tracts are developed,while the sequence architecture of “upstream-controlled area” does not depend on relative sea (lake)level changes,and the high(channel)amalgamation and the low(channel) amalgamation systems tracts are developed. There are also various views on “sequence architecture” in China,and the most representative one should be the classification of “L-type,T-type,TH-type,H-type(E-H type and L-H type)” sequence architectures. The modelling of nonmarine sequences has evolved from being dominated by the physical flume experiments to the current era of combining flume experiments with numerical simulation. Based on the introduction of the development history and research status of sequence numerical simulation at home and abroad,this article focuses on five numerical simulation methods,including SEDPAK forward modelling,SEDSIM forward modelling,three-dimensional forward modelling based on Delft3D model,DIONISOS three-dimensional forward modeling,and sequence numerical modeling based on the N-S equation. The paper has also summarized the sequence architecture of continetal lacustrine basins and the application of numerical modeling in the field of oil and gas exploration and development,and analyzed the current theoretical challenges,difficulties in numerical modeling technology,and future development directions of numerical modelling.

关键词

陆相层序地层 / 下游控制区 / 上游控制区 / 层序构型 / 数值模拟

Key words

nonmarine sequence stratigraphy / downstream-controlled area / upstream-controlled area / sequence architecture / numerical modelling

基金资助

*国家自然科学基金项目(编号: 42321002,41572090)资助