1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
2 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China
WU Hongli,born in 1963,is a professor and Ph.D. supervisor. He is mainly engaged in sedimentary palaeogeography,reservoir characterization and modelling. E-mail: reser@cup.edu.cn.
WU Hongli,born in 1999,is a Ph.D. candidate. She is mainly engaged in reservoir characterization and modelling research. E-mail: 2022311113@student.cup.edu.cn.
The shale oil in shale intercalated layer in the Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin predominantly occurs in lacustrine gravity flow lobe “interlayers”,which serve as crucial reservoirs. However,the internal architecture patterns of single lobes remain unclear due to limited subsurface data resolution,constraining horizontal well drilling success rates and production efficiency. This study conducts refined architectural analysis of sublacustrine fan gravity flow lobes through integrated geological survey,UAV digital modeling,and sample analysis at the Maquan outcrop of the Triassic Chang 7 Member in Tongchuan City. Key findings include: (1)The Maquan outcrop primarily develops three sedimentary microfacies: lobes,deep-lake mudstone deposits,and slumps,containing seven lithofacies types: massive sandstone facies(Sm),normally graded siltstone facies(Sg),convolut-bedded siltstone facies(Ssd),massive muddy siltstone(Mp),massive mudstone facies(Mm),horizontal bedding shale facies(Sh),and tuff facies(Tb).(2)In direction of provenance,single lobes exhibit mound-shaped geometries composed of multi-stage stacked massive fine and very fine sandstones and black mudstone shale.(3)Single lobe stacking patterns are controlled by flood-induced sediment supply,showing progradational stacking. Erosional stacking occurs during high-magnitude floods,characterized by thick sandstone units with irregular erosional contacts and steep foreset angles. Draping stacking develops under low-magnitude floods,featuring thinner sandstone units separated by continuous mudstone layers with gentle foreset angles. These findings enhance the theoretical framework of sublacustrine fan lobe architecture and provide critical insights for optimizing horizontal well development in interlayered type shale oil.
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WU Hongli,born in 1999,is a Ph.D. candidate. She is mainly engaged in reservoir characterization and modelling research. E-mail: 2022311113@student.cup.edu.cn.
朵叶体为重力流水道前端撒开形成的朵叶状沉积体。前人将朵叶体系划分为朵叶体复合体组合、朵叶体复合体、单一朵叶和朵叶单元等不同级次(张佳佳和吴胜和,2019)。学者们基于钻测井和地震数据对朵叶体复合体及单一朵叶体的构型特征开展研究,指出湖底扇中普遍发育水道—朵叶体转换带及朵叶体沉积,认为朵叶体通常发育在斜坡底部盆底带水道末端; 朵叶体平面上通常呈舌状和朵状,剖面上呈底平顶凸或透镜状,砂体厚度较薄,延伸长度可从几千米至数十千米(杨田等,2021),通常与深湖泥岩互层(吕奇奇等,2017,2022)。多期朵叶体补偿叠置,可呈加积式(吕奇奇等,2022;庞军刚等,2022;惠潇等,2024)和前积式(屈雪峰等,2021;Liu et al., 2025);多期朵叶体的叠置样式受控于沉积物供给和基准面变化,当沉积物供给速率较大时,单一朵叶体间主要表现为垂向加积; 当供给速率较小,单一朵叶体呈孤立式(Liu et al., 2017)。随着基准面上升,朵叶体叠置方式由侧向摆动型补偿叠置演变为加积型叠置(Wu et al., 2023)。
鄂尔多斯盆地马泉地区朵叶单元间的前积叠置样式主要受控于稳定的湖盆可容空间与洪水期强物源供给的耦合作用。湖盆可容空间(A)主要受构造活动和气候变化等因素共同影响(Bryant et al., 1995;鄢继华等,2009)。马泉剖面所在的鄂尔多斯盆地在晚三叠世为大型内陆淡水拗陷湖盆,晚三叠世长8段末期至长7段早期,构造活动增强,湖盆处于强烈拗陷时期,湖盆范围迅速扩大,湖盆范围达到鼎盛,至张家滩页岩沉积期湖平面上升速率达到峰值(张凤奎等,2008),之后湖平面趋于稳定,湖盆可容空间处于较为稳定的状态。同时,前人通过长7段孢粉组合特征(吉利明等,2006;邓秀芹等,2009)、湖平面的变化特征(李相博等,2019)、黑色页岩总有机碳含量(Zhang et al., 2021)及古气候特征(张才利等,2011)等方面综合分析,认为长7段沉积时期正值全球拉丁—卡尼洪泛事件期(Chen et al., 2021;Zou et al., 2022),温暖潮湿气候诱发季节性高频洪水(Cramer and Allan, 2014;Yao et al., 2022;Fu et al., 2023),研究区的单期朵叶单元砂岩内部粒度参数垂向上呈现“细—粗—细”的变化规律(图 5),指示单一洪水事件内部存在能量增强—峰值—衰减的3阶段演化特征,与Thierry等(2003)提出的异重流“加速—稳定—减速”动力学模型高度吻合,即洪水初期流体加速阶段携带粗粒沉积物向远端推进,中期达到搬运能力峰值时形成分选最优的砂岩层,末期能量衰减导致细粒物质快速沉降。
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