鄂尔多斯盆地横山气田太原组混积体系层序与源储配置规律*
蔡文杰 , 谭秀成 , 费肇磊 , 刘燕 , 钟寿康 , 杨琼警 , 杨博伟 , 熊鹰 , 肖笛
古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2) : 658 -677.
鄂尔多斯盆地横山气田太原组混积体系层序与源储配置规律*
Sequence and source-reservoir configuration regularity of mixed sedimentary system of the Taiyuan Formation in Hengshan gas field, Ordos Basin
鄂尔多斯盆地中东部横山地区二叠系太原组以含煤系陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩混合沉积为特征,生烃及成储潜力巨大,但关于层序—沉积充填过程尚存争议,制约了对源储发育规律和配置关系的准确认识。本研究基于太原组最新的钻井取心及测井资料,系统梳理不同级别层序界面特征,通过精细的层序划分与对比,揭示太原组沉积充填规律及源储发育机制。结果表明: (1)太原组发育1个二级层序、5个三级层序(SQ1-SQ5)及多个四级层序,均为二分体系域结构,不发育低位体系域。其中,二级层序下部发育碎屑岩,中上部发育碳酸盐岩,三级层序顶部普遍发育煤层,SQ2-SQ4为太原组石灰岩和颗粒滩发育的主要层段,SQ5缺失程度较高,四级层序地层厚度小,最大海泛面位于斜道段内部; (2)太原组地层存在“沉积中心迁移”、“填平补齐”和“顶削”的沉积充填过程,南部为石灰岩沉积中心,北部为碎屑岩沉积中心; (3)太原组源储发育均受控于层序—沉积演化,表现为“三级层序控制煤系烃源岩发育,四级层序控制储集层纵向叠置分布”,横向上,颗粒滩集中发育在斜坡部位。研究认为,毛儿沟段和斜道段沉积期古地貌斜坡区是天然气勘探的有利区。
The Permian Taiyuan Formation in Hengshan area of the central and eastern Ordos Basin is characterized by mixed sedimentation of coal-bearing continental clastic rocks and carbonates,with significant hydrocarbon generation and reservoir formation potential. However,there are still disputes regarding the sequence-sedimentary filling process,which hinders an accurate understanding of the development laws and configuration relationships of source and reservoir. Based on the latest drilling core and well-logging data,this study systematically sorts out the characteristics of sequence boundaries at different levels and reveals the sedimentary filling laws and source-reservoir development mechanisms of the Taiyuan Formation through detailed sequence division and correlation. The results show that: (1)The Taiyuan Formation developed one second-order sequence,five third-order sequences(SQ1-SQ5),and multiple fourth-order sequences,all exhibiting a binary system tract structure with no lowstand system tract developed. Among them,the lower part of the second-order sequence is dominated by clastic rocks,while the middle and upper parts are dominated by carbonates. Coal seams are generally developed at the top of the third-order sequences. SQ2-SQ4 are the main intervals for the development of Taiyuan Formation limestones and grain shoals,and SQ5 has a relatively high degree of missing. The fourth-order sequence has a small thickness of strata. The maximum flooding surface is located within the Xiedao Section. (2)The stratigraphy of the Taiyuan Formation is characterized by the sedimentary filling process of “sedimentary center migration”,“filling in”and “top cutting”. The southern part of the study area is the limestone sedimentary center,and the northern part is the clastic rock sedimentary center. (3)The development of source and reservoir in the Taiyuan Formation is controlled by sequence-sedimentary evolution,which is manifested as “third-order sequences control the development of coal-bearing source rocks,and fourth-order sequences control the vertical superposition distribution of reservoirs”. Horizontally,grain shoals are concentrated in the slope area. The study suggests that the Maoergou Section and Xiedao Section sedimentary periods in the paleogeomorphic slope area are favorable areas for natural gas exploration.
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* 四川省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2026NSFSCZY0062)
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