运城盆地中上寒武统岩溶热储特征及发育模式*
李丹 , 班舒悦 , 鲍志东 , 王延欣 , 孙少川 , 宿宇驰 , 张辛雨 , 郑乃熙 , 郭妍晶 , 胡小龙 , 孙润明
古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3) : 1172 -1182.
运城盆地中上寒武统岩溶热储特征及发育模式*
Reservoir characteristics and development model of the Middle-Upper Cambrian karst geothermal system in Yuncheng Basin
碳酸盐岩岩溶热储因其高孔渗性和巨大开发潜力,正成为地热地质研究的重点领域。运城盆地中上寒武统碳酸盐岩厚度大、岩溶发育强,是研究深部岩溶热储形成机制与有利区预测的重要对象。前人虽开展了寒武系的沉积、成岩及储集层特征研究,但对多期构造—岩溶叠加背景下热储形成机制及其控制因素仍认识不足。本研究充分利用野外露头、二维地震、岩心、测录井及铸体薄片等资料,结合区域构造演化与古地貌恢复,对运城盆地中上寒武统的岩石学特征、储集层特征、成岩作用、岩溶类型及期次进行了系统研究,建立了中上寒武统岩溶热储的发育模式。结果表明: (1)运城盆地中上寒武统主要岩性包括鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩、叠层石灰岩、泥质灰岩及粉晶—细晶白云岩,储集空间以选择性溶蚀孔、层控溶蚀带及构造裂缝为主; (2)研究区发育3类岩溶作用,受多期构造抬升控制,可划分为5个主要期次,各期岩溶作用叠置改造显著,其中怀远期、加里东晚期及燕山期形成的大型暴露面是区域表生溶蚀的关键; (3)本层岩溶热储由同生—准同生溶蚀奠定初始孔隙基础,经3期表生岩溶叠置扩容,并在断裂控制下深部埋藏溶蚀持续改造,最终形成高孔隙度、高连通性的复合岩溶热储体系。本研究明确了运城盆地多期岩溶及构造演化控制下的热储形成机制,为碳酸盐岩热储的预测与评价提供了理论依据,并为华北地区及类似断陷盆地的地热资源勘查提供重要参考,对提高中深层地热能开发效率具有实际地质意义。
Karstified carbonate geothermal reservoirs,characterized by high porosity-permeability and substantial development potential,represent a key target in deep geothermal exploration. The thick and strongly karstified Middle-Upper Cambrian carbonates of the Yuncheng Basin provide an ideal setting for investigating the genesis of deep karst reservoirs;however,the controlling mechanisms of reservoir development under multiphase tectonic-karst overprinting remain insufficiently constrained. In this study,outcrop observations,seismic data,cores,wireline logs,and casting thin sections,integrated with regional tectonic evolution and paleogeomorphic reconstruction,are used to systematically investigate lithologic and reservoir characteristics,diagenetic processes,karst types,and karstification stages of the Middle-Upper Cambrian carbonate succession. The results indicate that: (1)dominant lithologies include oolitic limestone,bioclastic limestone,stromatolitic and argillaceous limestone,and micro-to fine-crystalline dolostone,with reservoir space mainly comprising selective dissolution pores,bedding-parallel dissolution belts,and structural fractures;(2)three genetic categories of karstification and five major evolutionary stages are recognized,controlled by multiphase tectonic uplift,among which large exposure surfaces formed during the Huaiyuan,Late Caledonian,and Yanshanian events served as key loci for epigenetic karstification;(3)the karst reservoir initiated by synsedimentary to early diagenetic dissolution,significantly enlarged through three phases of superimposed epigenetic karstification,and was further modified by fracture-controlled burial dissolution,ultimately forming a composite system characterized by high porosity and strong connectivity. These results clarify the formation mechanisms of the Middle-Upper Cambrian karst geothermal reservoir in the Yuncheng Basin under multiphase karstification and tectonic evolution,and provide a robust theoretical basis for the prediction and evaluation of carbonate geothermal system. The findings also have important implications for geothermal exploration in North China and in analogous fault-depression basins.
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*地球深部探测与矿产资源勘查国家科技重大专项项目(2024ZD1003600)
中国石油化工集团有限公司科技项目《运城盆地地热资源潜力与选区评价》(KLJP24029)
中国石油化工股份有限公司重点科技项目(p25075)
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