煤系致密砂岩储集层特征及控制因素:基于塔西南坳陷中—下侏罗统不同岩性组合的对比*
索义虎 , 朱世发 , 崔航 , 董尧 , 佟欢 , 冯凯力 , 陈才
古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3) : 970 -985.
煤系致密砂岩储集层特征及控制因素:基于塔西南坳陷中—下侏罗统不同岩性组合的对比*
Characteristics and controlling factors of coal-bearing tight sandstone reservoirs: based on comparison of different lithologic combinations of the Middle-Lower Jurassic in Southwest Depression of Tarim Basin
煤系中致密砂岩储集层的岩性组合复杂,导致不同岩性组合条件下的储集层质量差异显著,其形成机理与控制因素缺乏系统认识。以塔里木盆地西南坳陷(简称“塔西南坳陷”)山前冲断带中—下侏罗统煤系致密砂岩储集层为研究对象,综合岩心、薄片和扫描电镜分析等资料,对不同岩性组合中的致密砂岩储集层进行对比研究。依据煤层发育特征及煤—砂—泥的叠置关系,将岩性组合划分为辫状河三角洲平原组合A、组合B及滨浅湖—辫状河三角洲前缘组合C。不同岩性组合中致密砂岩储集层成岩演化过程及孔隙发育特征差异显著: 组合A压实作用中等,早期方解石胶结物大量发育,其形成时间早且与原生沉积流体相关,溶蚀作用弱,总面孔率约为1.05%;组合B与组合C受粒度、泥质含量尤其是煤层产生的腐殖酸影响,压实作用较强,晚期铁白云石及方解石胶结物形成与有机质演化有关,煤系烃源岩产生的有机酸对长石和不稳定火山岩岩屑的溶蚀作用显著,粒内溶孔发育,总面孔率普遍大于2.0%。聚煤环境决定了煤层和不同岩性组合的空间展布特征,组合A和B分布于辫状河三角洲平原,煤层总厚较小,连续性相对较差; 组合C分布于滨浅湖—辫状河三角洲前缘,煤层厚度中等且在平面上分布范围较广。虽然岩性和矿物组分影响了砂岩的初始沉积条件,但更重要的是不同岩性组合中煤层对成岩作用的影响,组合B和组合C煤层腐殖酸抑制砂岩储集层早期碳酸盐胶结,导致压实作用增强,成岩中期煤层产生有机酸促进长石和岩屑的溶蚀,改善储集层物性。
Coal-bearing tight sandstone reservoirs exhibit pronounced heterogeneity in lithologic associations,leading to substantial variability in reservoir quality. However,the diagenetic mechanisms governing this heterogeneity and the key geological controls on pore evolution remain inadequately constrained. This study focuses on the Lower-Middle Jurassic coal-bearing tight sandstone reservoirs in piedmont thrust belt of Southwestern Tarim Depression. Integrating core descriptions,thin-section petrographic analysis,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observations,we conducted a systematic comparative evaluation of reservoir characteristics across distinct lithologic associations. Based on coal seam distribution patterns and the architectural stacking of coal-sand-mud successions,three principal lithologic associations were delineated: Association A(braided delta plain),Association B(braided delta plain),and Association C(shore-shallow lacustrine to braided delta front). Diagenetic histories and pore-system attributes differ markedly among these associations. Association A experienced moderate mechanical compaction and pervasive early-stage calcite cementation sourced from primary depositional fluids;dissolution was limited,yielding a low total surface porosity of ~1.05%. In contrast,Associations B and C are strongly modulated by grain size,mud content,and critically humic acids leached from adjacent coal seams,resulting in intensified compaction. Late-stage ferroan dolomite and calcite cements in these associations correlate temporally and spatially with organic matter maturation. Moreover,organic acids generated during coal-measure hydrocarbon generation significantly enhanced the dissolution of feldspars and unstable volcanic lithic fragments,giving rise to well-developed intragranular dissolution pores and consistently higher total surface porosities(>2.0%). The palaeoenvironment of coal accumulation governs both the spatial configuration of coal seams and the lateral extent of lithologic associations. Associations A and B predominantly occur within the braided delta plain,where coal seams are thin and laterally discontinuous;Association C is confined to the shore-shallow lacustrine to braided delta front,characterized by moderately thick,laterally continuous coal seams. While initial depositional lithology and mineralogy exert foundational control on sandstone properties,the influence of coal seams on post-depositional diagenesis particularly through acid-driven inhibition of early carbonate cementation and promotion of feldspar/lithic dissolution during the mesodiagenetic stage is the dominant factor differentiating reservoir quality across associations.
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*新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2025A01009)
中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ14YJ02)
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