准噶尔盆地东部二叠系全油气系统储集层特征及主控因素*
肖冬生 , 徐雄飞 , 董雨洋 , 张亦婷 , 程祎 , 宋兵
古地理学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5) : 1705 -1721.
准噶尔盆地东部二叠系全油气系统储集层特征及主控因素*
Reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of the Permian total petroleum system in eastern Junggar Basin
二叠系作为准噶尔盆地东部油气勘探的主要层系,围绕芦草沟组烃源岩,已在源下、源内及源上发现了多种类型油气藏,呈现全油气系统勘探前景。基于大量钻井、野外露头、测井、地震等资料,针对二叠系储集层特征及有效储集层控制因素开展研究,结果表明: (1)准东地区二叠系发育扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和咸化滨浅湖3类有利沉积相,以芦草沟组咸化湖相泥页岩和梧桐沟组顶部湖泛泥岩为区域盖层,与井井子沟组三段、芦草沟组一段和梧桐沟组一段储集层形成3套主要的储盖组合; (2)二叠系发育碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、细粒混积岩3类储集层,以中—低孔、低渗—特低渗为主,碎屑岩储集空间主要由剩余粒间孔、粒内及填隙物溶孔构成,碳酸盐岩发育残余格架孔/鸟眼孔、粒间溶孔、晶间孔等孔隙类型,细粒混积岩以粒间溶孔、晶间微孔和微裂缝为主; (3)扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道及滨浅湖灰云坪、滩坝是储集层发育的优势相带,埋藏期有机酸溶蚀及绿泥石膜改善了碎屑岩储集层物性,同生期大气淡水淋滤及白云石化是碳酸盐岩优质储集层形成的关键,多期次破裂作用对细粒混积岩储集性能改善具有建设性作用; (4)阜康断裂带东段、吉木萨尔凹陷北部、阜康凹陷东斜坡是准东地区规模增储的现实勘探领域,阜康断裂带中—西段、石树沟凹陷南斜坡是勘探的有利方向。
The Permian strata represent the primary hydrocarbon exploration target in eastern Junggar Basin. A diverse array of oil and gas reservoirs—occurring below,within,and above the source rocks of the Lucaogou Formation—demonstrates the basin's substantial potential for a fully integrated petroleum system. Drawing upon comprehensive datasets derived from drilling operations,field outcrop observations,well-log interpretations,and seismic surveys,this study systematically characterizes Permian reservoir properties and identifies the principal geological controls governing reservoir effectiveness. Key findings are as follows: (1)Three favorable sedimentary facies belts developed during the Permian in the eastern Junggar region: (i)the fan-delta front,(ii)the braided-river delta front,and(iii)the saline shallow-lacustrine facies. Regional caprocks are provided by the saline lacustrine mudstones and shales of the Lucaogou Formation and the flooding mudstone at the top of the Wutonggou Formation. These caprocks,in conjunction with underlying reservoir units,define three major reservoir-caprock assemblages centered on the third member of the Jingjingzigou Formation,the first member of the Lucaogou Formation,and the first member of the Wutonggou Formation.(2)Permian reservoirs comprise three lithological types: clastic,carbonate,and fine-grained mixed rocks. Collectively,these exhibit medium-to-low porosity and low-to-ultra-low permeability. Pore systems in clastic reservoirs are predominantly composed of residual intergranular pores,intragranular dissolved pores,and interstitial dissolved pores. Carbonate reservoirs feature residual framework pores(including bird's-eye pores),intergranular dissolved pores,and intercrystalline pores. Fine-grained mixed reservoirs host intergranular dissolved pores,intercrystalline micropores,and microfractures as the dominant pore types.(3)Subaqueous distributary channels within fan-delta fronts,together with lime-dolomite flats and beach-bar deposits in shallow-lacustrine settings,constitute the most prospective facies for high-quality reservoir development. In clastic reservoirs,organic acid dissolution and chlorite grain-coating during burial diagenesis significantly improve reservoir quality. For carbonate reservoirs,syndepositional meteoric water leaching and dolomitization are critical processes in generating high-permeability pore networks. In fine-grained mixed reservoirs,multi-stage hydraulic fracturing substantially enhances storage capacity and flow performance.(4)Integrated geological analysis indicates that the eastern segment of the Fukang Fault Zone,the northern part of the Jimsar Sag,and the eastern flank of the Fukang Sag represent priority areas for near-term reserve growth. Meanwhile,the central-western segment of the Fukang Fault Zone and the southern flank of the Shishugou Sag are identified as promising frontier targets for future exploration.
| [1] |
曹正林, 周川闽, 龚德瑜, 王瑞菊, 丁立华, 杨春, 张志杰. 2024. 准噶尔盆地中-下二叠统构造-岩相古地理特征与烃源岩分布. 石油学报, 45(9): 1349-1371. |
| [2] |
[ |
| [3] |
陈煦, 邱波, 石湘, 白洁, 李文霞, 陈毓清, 何伯斌. 2024. 吉南凹陷二叠系井井子沟组二段致密砂岩储层特征及影响因素. 地质科学, 59(5): 1245-1255. |
| [4] |
[ |
| [5] |
陈旋, 苟红光, 张有锦, 高岗, 徐雄飞, 林霖, 韩猛刚, 党文龙, 樊柯廷. 2025. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷北部芦草沟组高产页岩油特征及地质意义: 以奇探1井为例. 天然气地球科学, 36(1): 1-12. |
| [6] |
[ |
| [7] |
丁超, 王佳玮. 2015. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系梧桐沟组沉积演化规律. 中国石油勘探, 20(3): 22-29. |
| [8] |
[ |
| [9] |
董桂玉, 陈洪德, 何幼斌, 秦志勇, 罗进雄, 辛长静. 2007. 陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积研究中的几点思考. 地球科学进展, 22(9): 931-939. |
| [10] |
[ |
| [11] |
冯进来, 胡凯, 曹剑, 陈琰, 王龙刚, 张英, 王牧, 赵健. 2011. 陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混积岩及其油气地质意义. 高校地质学报, 17(2): 297-307. |
| [12] |
[ |
| [13] |
何海清, 支东明, 唐勇, 刘超威, 陈洪, 郭旭光, 王泽胜. 2021. 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷康探1井重大突破及意义. 中国石油勘探, 26(2): 1-11. |
| [14] |
[ |
| [15] |
何文军, 钱永新, 赵毅, 李娜, 赵辛楣, 刘国良, 苗刚. 2021. 玛湖凹陷风城组全油气系统勘探启示. 新疆石油地质, 42(6): 641-655. |
| [16] |
[ |
| [17] |
胡素云, 王小军, 曹正林, 李建忠, 龚德瑜, 徐洋. 2020. 准噶尔盆地大中型气田(藏)形成条件与勘探方向. 石油勘探与开发, 47(2): 247-259. |
| [18] |
[ |
| [19] |
蒋中发, 丁修建, 王忠泉, 赵辛楣. 2020. 吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩沉积古环境. 岩性油气藏, 32(6): 109-119. |
| [20] |
[ |
| [21] |
康积伦, 杨润泽, 马强, 林潼, 杨帆, 卫延召, 苟红光, 李新宁, 林霖. 2023. 准噶尔盆地东部吉南凹陷二叠系油藏形成条件、成藏特征与勘探方向. 科学技术与工程, 23(32): 13788-13802. |
| [22] |
[ |
| [23] |
康积伦, 焦小冰, 高岗, 樊柯廷, 马强, 张伟, 张紫恒, 于淼, 吴晓宁. 2025. 准东石树沟凹陷二叠系平二段源储组合特征及其含油性评价. 天然气地球科学, 37(2): 295-309. |
| [24] |
[ |
| [25] |
匡立春, 王霞田, 郭旭光, 常秋生, 贾希玉. 2015. 吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组致密油地质特征与勘探实践. 新疆石油地质, 36(6): 629-634. |
| [26] |
[ |
| [27] |
李建忠, 陈旋, 杨润泽, 林潼, 杨帆, 马强, 苟红光, 卫延召, 林霖. 2023. 准噶尔盆地东部吉南凹陷二叠系油气地质条件与源下成藏特征. 石油勘探与开发, 50(3): 491-503. |
| [28] |
[ |
| [29] |
梁世君, 罗劝生, 康积伦, 李付雷, 马强, 王雪纯, 彭亚中, 张伟. 2021. 准噶尔盆地吉南凹陷萨探1井风险勘探突破及意义. 中国石油勘探, 26(4): 72-83. |
| [30] |
[ |
| [31] |
鲁智帅, 谢庆宾, 张津宁, 祁利祺, 许涛, 陈佳, 相泓含. 2024. 新疆博格达山北缘二叠纪中-晚期构造运动的沉积响应. 地质论评, 70(1): 102-122. |
| [32] |
[ |
| [33] |
马超, 吴孔友, 裴仰文, 李天然. 2019. 准噶尔盆地东部构造特征及演化定量分析. 地质力学学报, 25(3): 313-323. |
| [34] |
[ |
| [35] |
谭强, 张小红, 岳红星, 王菁, 张金风. 2018. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷北部二叠系梧桐沟组沉积模式研究. 新疆石油天然气, 14(4): 1-7,105. |
| [36] |
[ |
| [37] |
唐勇, 雷德文, 曹剑, 刘寅, 黄立良, 李卉. 2022. 准噶尔盆地二叠系全油气系统与源内天然气勘探新领域. 新疆石油地质, 43(6): 654-662. |
| [38] |
[ |
| [39] |
王欢, 马世忠, 牛东亮, 刘叶, 毕然, 周志国. 2022. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷西区芦草沟组细粒岩元素地球化学特征及古环境意义. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 41(1): 143-150. |
| [40] |
[ |
| [41] |
温旺彪, 赵红静, 王志勇, 金颖, 王杰, 甘应星, 刘锋, 郭雅婷. 2025. 准噶尔盆地吉南凹陷二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学特征及油源分析. 地质科技通报, 44(3): 165-181. |
| [42] |
[ |
| [43] |
夏世威, 马强, 黄传炎, 张伟, 李潇鹏, 张宏, 马江浩, 彭亚中, 聂锋. 2024. 准噶尔盆地东部吉木萨尔-吉南凹陷构造演化及原型盆地恢复. 地质科技通报, 43(3): 170-179. |
| [44] |
[ |
| [45] |
杨有星, 张君峰, 张金虎, 高永进, 周新桂, 孙相灿, 文磊, 苗苗青. 2022. 新疆博格达山周缘中上二叠统与中上三叠统沉积特征及其主控因素. 石油勘探与开发, 49(4): 670-682. |
| [46] |
[ |
| [47] |
殷树铮, 何登发, 郭文建. 2024. 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷二叠纪盆地属性与构造-沉积演化. 地质学报, 98(12): 3647-3661. |
| [48] |
[ |
| [49] |
殷树铮, 何登发, 付国斌, 郭文建. 2026. 博格达地区二叠纪原型盆地沉积充填与演化. 石油与天然气地质, 47(1): 124-142. |
| [50] |
[ |
| [51] |
赵文智, 胡素云, 郭绪杰, 李建忠, 曹正林. 2019. 油气勘探新理念及其在准噶尔盆地的实践成效. 石油勘探与开发, 46(5): 811-819. |
| [52] |
[ |
| [53] |
甄宇, 陈旋, 焦立新, 李新宁, 周志超, 刘文辉, 殷树铮, 李涤, 苟红光, 李成明, 何登发. 2024. 东疆地区石炭纪-二叠纪构造古地理与原型盆地演化. 古地理学报, 26(1): 78-99. |
| [54] |
[ |
| [55] |
郑孟林, 田爱军, 杨彤远, 何文军, 陈磊, 吴海生, 丁靖. 2018. 准噶尔盆地东部地区构造演化与油气聚集. 石油与天然气地质, 39(5): 907-917. |
| [56] |
[ |
| [57] |
支东明, 唐勇, 杨智峰, 郭旭光, 郑孟林, 万敏, 黄立良. 2019. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理. 石油与天然气地质, 40(3): 524-534. |
| [58] |
[ |
| [59] |
支东明, 唐勇, 何文军, 郭旭光, 郑孟林, 黄立良. 2021. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组常规-非常规油气有序共生与全油气系统成藏模式. 石油勘探与开发, 48(1): 38-51. |
| [60] |
[ |
| [61] |
支东明, 李建忠, 杨帆, 康积伦, 张伟, 马强, 陶林本. 2023. 准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系全油气系统地质特征与勘探开发实践. 中国石油勘探, 28(4): 14-23. |
| [62] |
[ |
| [63] |
支东明, 谢安, 杨帆, 马强, 何昌松, 苟红光. 2024. 准噶尔盆地东部二叠系富烃凹陷全油气系统勘探前景. 地质力学学报, 30(5): 781-794. |
| [64] |
[ |
*中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ24YJ01)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |